Background

Despite widespread use of intensity zones to quantify external load variables in basketball research, the consistency in identifying zones and accompanying intensity thresholds using predominant monitoring approaches in training and games remains unclear.

Objectives

The purpose of this work was to examine the external load intensity zones and thresholds adopted across basketball studies using video-based time-motion analysis (TMA), microsensors, and local positioning systems (LPS).

Methods

PubMed, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception until 31 January 2023 for studies using intensity zones to quantify external load during basketball training sessions or games. Studies were excluded if they examined players participating in recreational or wheelchair basketball, were reviews or meta-analyses, or utilized monitoring approaches other than video-based TMA, microsensors, or LPS.

Results

Following screening, 86 studies were included. Video-based TMA studies consistently classified jogging, running, sprinting, and jumping as intensity zones, but demonstrated considerable variation in classifying low-intensity (standing and walking) and basketball-specific activities. Microsensor studies mostly utilized a single, and rather consistent, threshold to identify only high-intensity activities (> 3.5 m·s⁻² for accelerations, decelerations, and changes-in-direction or > 40 cm for jumps), not separately quantifying lower intensity zones. Similarly, LPS studies predominantly quantified only high-intensity activities in a relatively consistent manner for speed (> 18.0 m·s⁻¹) and acceleration/deceleration zones (> 2.0 m·s⁻²); however, the thresholds adopted for various intensity zones differed greatly to those used in TMA and microsensor research.

Conclusions

Notable inconsistencies were mostly evident for low-intensity activities, basketball-specific activities, and between the different monitoring approaches. Accordingly, we recommend further research to inform the development of consensus guidelines outlining suitable approaches when setting external load intensity zones and accompanying thresholds in research and practice.

中文翻译：

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用于量化竞技篮球外部负荷的强度区和强度阈值：系统回顾

 背景

尽管在篮球研究中广泛使用强度区域来量化外部负荷变量，但在训练和比赛中使用主要监测方法来识别区域和伴随的强度阈值的一致性仍不清楚。

 目标

这项工作的目的是使用基于视频的时间运动分析 (TMA)、微传感器和本地定位系统 (LPS) 来检查篮球研究中采用的外部负载强度区域和阈值。

 方法

从开始到 2023 年 1 月 31 日，对 PubMed、MEDLINE 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库进行了搜索，以查找使用强度区来量化篮球训练或比赛期间外部负荷的研究。如果研究检查了参加休闲篮球或轮椅篮球的运动员，进行了评论或荟萃分析，或者使用了除基于视频的 TMA、微传感器或 LPS 之外的监测方法，则研究被排除在外。

 结果

筛选后，纳入了 86 项研究。基于视频的 TMA 研究一致将慢跑、跑步、短跑和跳跃归类为强度区，但在低强度（站立和步行）和篮球特定活动的分类方面表现出相当大的差异。微传感器研究大多使用单一且相当一致的阈值来仅识别高强度活动（> 3.5 m·s ⁻² 用于加速、减速和方向变化，或 > 40 cm 用于跳跃） ，不单独量化较低强度区域。同样，LPS 研究主要以相对一致的方式仅量化高强度活动的速度 (> 18.0 m·s ⁻¹ ) 和加速/减速区 (> 2.0 m·s ⁻² ）；然而，不同强度区域采用的阈值与 TMA 和微传感器研究中使用的阈值有很大不同。

 结论

低强度活动、篮球特定活动以及不同监测方法之间的明显不一致最为明显。因此，我们建议进一步研究，为制定共识指南提供信息，概述在研究和实践中设置外部负荷强度区域和伴随阈值时的适当方法。