essential for optimizing patient-centered care. We developed a novel CKD-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PRO-Kid) to assess both frequency and impact of symptoms in children. In this study, we further assessed the validity and internal consistency of PRO-Kid. Methods In this multicenter study, children age 8–18 years with stages 3–5 CKD, including those on dialysis, were recruited from five pediatric centers. Children completed the 14-item PRO-Kid questionnaire and the validated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0). We explored the dimensionality of the PRO-kid scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, to either establish that it is a unidimensional construct or identify evidence of subfactors. We then assessed internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) and construct validity (Pearson correlations). Results In total, 100 children were included. The median eGFR was 27.4 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (7.43–63.4), and 26 children (26%) were on dialysis. Both the PRO-Kid frequency and the impact scales were unidimensional. Cronbach alpha was high for both the PRO-Kid frequency and impact scales, 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.88) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.89), respectively, showing strong internal consistency. Pearson correlations between PRO-Kid and PedsQL scores were also strong: −0.78 (95% CI, −0.85 to −0.70) for the frequency score and −0.69 (95% CI, −0.78 to −0.56) for the impact score, reflecting the association between poorer quality of life and higher symptom burden. Conclusions PRO-Kid is a novel patient-reported symptom burden tool for children age 8–18 years with CKD that correlates strongly in the expected direction with PedsQL, supporting its validity. Future work will evaluate changes in PRO-Kid score with progression of CKD and implementation of the tool into clinical care....

中文翻译：

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儿童 CKD 患者报告结果测量的验证 (PRO-Kid)


对于优化以患者为中心的护理至关重要。我们开发了一种新型 CKD 特异性患者报告结果测量 (PRO-Kid)，以评估儿童症状的频率和影响。在本研究中，我们进一步评估了PRO-Kid的有效性和内部一致性。方法 在这项多中心研究中，从五个儿科中心招募了 8-18 岁 CKD 3-5 期儿童，包括接受透析的儿童。儿童完成了包含 14 项的 PRO-Kid 调查问卷和经过验证的儿科生活质量量表 (PedsQL 4.0)。我们使用探索性和验证性因素分析来探索 PRO-kid 量表的维度，以确定它是一维结构或识别子因素的证据。然后我们评估了内部一致性（Cronbach alpha）和结构有效性（皮尔逊相关性）。结果 总共纳入 100 名儿童。中位 eGFR 为每 1.73 m2 27.4 ml/min (7.43–63.4)，26 名儿童 (26%) 接受透析。 PRO-Kid 的频率和影响尺度都是一维的。 PRO-Kid 频率和影响量表的 Cronbach α 均较高，分别为 0.83（95% 置信区间 [CI]，0.78 至 0.88）和 0.84（95% CI，0.80 至 0.89），显示出很强的内部一致性。 PRO-Kid 和 PedsQL 分数之间的 Pearson 相关性也很强：频率分数为 -0.78（95% CI，-0.85 至 -0.70），影响分数为 -0.69（95% CI，-0.78 至 -0.56），反映了生活质量较差与症状负担较高之间的关联。结论 PRO-Kid 是一种针对 8-18 岁 CKD 儿童的新型患者报告症状负担工具，与 PedsQL 的预期方向密切相关，支持其有效性。 未来的工作将评估 PRO-Kid 评分随 CKD 进展的变化以及该工具在临床护理中的实施......