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Genome-resolved metagenomics reveals diverse taxa and metabolic complexity in Antarctic lake microbial structures
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-16 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16663 Carla Greco 1, 2 , Dale T Andersen 3 , Marian L Yallop 1 , Gary Barker 1 , Anne D Jungblut 2
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-16 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16663 Carla Greco 1, 2 , Dale T Andersen 3 , Marian L Yallop 1 , Gary Barker 1 , Anne D Jungblut 2
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Lake Untersee, a lake in Antarctica that is perennially covered with ice, is home to unique microbial structures that are not lithified. We have evaluated the structure of the community and its metabolic potential across the pigmented upper layers and the sediment-enriched deeper layers in these pinnacle and cone-shaped microbial structures using metagenomics. These microbial structures are inhabited by distinct communities. The upper layers of the cone-shaped structures have a higher abundance of the cyanobacterial MAG Microcoleus, while the pinnacle-shaped structures have a higher abundance of Elainellacea MAG. This suggests that cyanobacteria influence the morphologies of the mats. We identified stark contrasts in the composition of the community and its metabolic potential between the upper and lower layers of the mat. The upper layers of the mat, which receive light, have an increased abundance of photosynthetic pathways. In contrast, the lower layer has an increased abundance of heterotrophic pathways. Our results also showed that Lake Untersee is the first Antarctic lake with a substantial presence of ammonia-oxidizing Nitrospiracea and amoA genes. The genomic capacity for recycling biological molecules was prevalent across metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that cover 19 phyla. This highlights the importance of nutrient scavenging in ultra-oligotrophic environments. Overall, our study provides new insights into the formation of microbial structures and the potential metabolic complexity of Antarctic laminated microbial mats. These mats are important environments for biodiversity that drives biogeochemical cycling in polar deserts.
中文翻译：
基因组解析的宏基因组学揭示了南极湖泊微生物结构的多样化分类群和代谢复杂性
下湖是南极洲的一个湖，常年被冰覆盖，是独特的未石化微生物结构的家园。我们使用宏基因组学评估了这些尖顶和锥形微生物结构中色素上层和富含沉积物的深层的群落结构及其代谢潜力。这些微生物结构居住着不同的群落。锥形结构的上层具有较高丰度的蓝藻MAG Microcoleus ，而尖顶形结构具有较高丰度的Elainellacea MAG。这表明蓝细菌影响垫子的形态。我们发现垫子上层和下层之间的群落组成及其代谢潜力存在鲜明对比。接收光线的垫子上层具有更多的光合作用途径。相反，下层的异养途径丰富度增加。我们的结果还表明，下湖是第一个大量存在氨氧化硝化螺旋菌和amoA基因的南极湖泊。回收生物分子的基因组能力在涵盖 19 个门的宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG) 中普遍存在。这凸显了营养物清除在超寡营养环境中的重要性。总的来说，我们的研究为南极层压微生物垫的微生物结构的形成和潜在的代谢复杂性提供了新的见解。这些垫子是驱动极地沙漠生物地球化学循环的生物多样性的重要环境。
更新日期：2024-06-17
中文翻译：
基因组解析的宏基因组学揭示了南极湖泊微生物结构的多样化分类群和代谢复杂性
下湖是南极洲的一个湖，常年被冰覆盖，是独特的未石化微生物结构的家园。我们使用宏基因组学评估了这些尖顶和锥形微生物结构中色素上层和富含沉积物的深层的群落结构及其代谢潜力。这些微生物结构居住着不同的群落。锥形结构的上层具有较高丰度的蓝藻MAG Microcoleus ，而尖顶形结构具有较高丰度的Elainellacea MAG。这表明蓝细菌影响垫子的形态。我们发现垫子上层和下层之间的群落组成及其代谢潜力存在鲜明对比。接收光线的垫子上层具有更多的光合作用途径。相反，下层的异养途径丰富度增加。我们的结果还表明，下湖是第一个大量存在氨氧化硝化螺旋菌和amoA基因的南极湖泊。回收生物分子的基因组能力在涵盖 19 个门的宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG) 中普遍存在。这凸显了营养物清除在超寡营养环境中的重要性。总的来说，我们的研究为南极层压微生物垫的微生物结构的形成和潜在的代谢复杂性提供了新的见解。这些垫子是驱动极地沙漠生物地球化学循环的生物多样性的重要环境。
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