Music is a powerful medium for altering the emotional state of the listener. In recent years, with significant advancements in computing capabilities, artificial intelligence-based (AI-based) approaches have become popular for creating affective music generation (AMG) systems. Entertainment, healthcare, and sensor-integrated interactive system design are a few of the areas in which AI-based affective music generation (AI-AMG) systems may have a significant impact. Given the surge of interest in this topic, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of controllable AI-AMG systems. The main building blocks of an AI-AMG system are discussed, and existing systems are formally categorized based on the core algorithm used for music generation. In addition, this article discusses the main musical features employed to compose affective music, along with the respective AI-based approaches used for tailoring them. Lastly, the main challenges and open questions in this field, as well as their potential solutions, are presented to guide future research. We hope that this review will be useful for readers seeking to understand the state-of-the-art in AI-AMG systems, and gain an overview of the methods used for developing them, thereby helping them explore this field in the future.

音乐是改变听众情绪状态的强大媒介。近年来，随着计算能力的显着进步，基于人工智能（AI-based）的方法在创建情感音乐生成（AMG）系统方面已变得流行。娱乐、医疗保健和传感器集成交互系统设计是基于人工智能的情感音乐生成（AI-AMG）系统可能产生重大影响的几个领域。鉴于人们对该主题的兴趣激增，本文旨在对可控 AI-AMG 系统进行全面回顾。讨论了 AI-AMG 系统的主要构建模块，并根据用于音乐生成的核心算法对现有系统进行了正式分类。此外，本文还讨论了用于创作情感音乐的主要音乐特征，以及用于定制它们的相应基于人工智能的方法。最后，提出了该领域的主要挑战和悬而未决的问题及其潜在的解决方案，以指导未来的研究。我们希望这篇评论对寻求了解 AI-AMG 系统最新技术的读者有所帮助，并概述用于开发它们的方法，从而帮助他们将来探索该领域。