Nature Chemistry ( IF 19.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 , DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01555-4 Xin-Feng Wang 1 , Chaopeng Hu 1 , Jiancheng Li 1 , Rui Wei 1 , Xin Zhang 1 , Liu Leo Liu 1
The synthesis of heteronuclear alkyne analogues incorporating heavier group 14 elements (R1–C≡E–R2, E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) has posed a long-standing challenge. Neutral silynes (R1–C≡Si(L)–R2) and germynes (R1–C≡Ge(L)–R2) stabilized by a Lewis base have achieved sufficient stability for structural characterization at low temperatures. Here we show the isolation of a base-free stannyne (R1–C≡Sn–R2) at room temperature, achieved through the strategic use of a bulky cyclic phosphino ligand in combination with a bulky terphenyl substituent. Despite an allenic structure with strong delocalization of π-electrons, this compound exhibits adjacent ambiphilic carbon and tin centres, forming a carbon–tin multiple bond with ionic character. The stannyne demonstrates reactivity similar to carbenes or stannylenes, reacting with 1-adamantyl isocyanide and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Additionally, its carbon–tin bond can be saturated by Et3N·HCl or cleaved by isopropyl isocyanate.
中文翻译:
结晶锡
合成含有较重的 14 族元素 (R1–C≡E–R2, E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) 的异核炔烃类似物构成了长期的挑战。由路易斯碱稳定的中性硅烷 (R1–C≡Si(L)–R2) 和吉米烯 (R1–C≡Ge(L)–R2) 在低温下实现了足够的稳定性以进行结构表征。在这里,我们展示了在室温下无碱锡 (R1–C≡Sn–R2) 的分离,这是通过战略性地使用大体积的环状膦配体与大体积的三联苯取代基组合来实现的。尽管该化合物具有π电子强离域的素丙结构,但该化合物表现出相邻的双亲性碳和锡中心,形成具有离子特性的碳-锡多重键。锡烯表现出类似于卡宾或锡烯的反应性,与 1-金刚烷基异氰化物和 2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯反应。此外,其碳锡键可以被 Et3N·HCl 或被异氰酸异丙酯裂解。