Across the Pacific, deforestation and forest degradation are driving the loss of ecosystem services. Increasing recognition of the need for mechanisms that can bridge economic development and environmental sustainability has led to the emergence of the broad concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), including Payments for Environmental Services (PES) such as ‘reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation’ (REDD+) of forested areas. REDD+ projects are being piloted in the region, but the scale of adoption remains limited raising doubts about whether the concept has much appeal beyond small-scale government-supported initiatives. Although a relatively simple concept, it is proving difficult to translate into an appealing practice that is widely understood and adopted by rural land managers. We conducted a review of the achievements and challenges of REDD+ projects in Melanesia while drawing on global and regional lessons. Most projects are reaping the benefits of enhanced community development, employment, capacity building, and stronger governance. Perverse incentives, lack of systematic assessments of carbon offsets, poor stakeholder engagement, insufficient feedback mechanisms, marginalisation of women, and the lack of prosperous and sustainable alternative livelihoods remain key challenges. This suggests the need for developing policy mixes, understanding the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, addressing equity concerns, strengthening tenure security, removing perverse incentives, and ensuring financially competitive conservation incentives for enhancing the appeal of REDD+ to rural communities, policymakers, and the private sector, so its reach across the Pacific can be extended.

中文翻译：

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绿化蓝色太平洋：减少毁林和森林退化排放的经验教训 (REDD+)


在整个太平洋地区，森林砍伐和森林退化正在导致生态系统服务的丧失。人们越来越认识到建立经济发展和环境可持续性之间桥梁的机制的必要性，导致基于自然的解决方案（NbS）这一广泛概念的出现，包括环境服务付费（PES），例如“减少毁林和森林排放”森林地区的退化（REDD+）。 REDD+ 项目正在该地区进行试点，但采用规模仍然有限，这引发了人们对这一概念是否比政府支持的小规模举措具有更大吸引力的质疑。虽然这是一个相对简单的概念，但事实证明很难转化为农村土地管理者广泛理解和采用的有吸引力的实践。我们回顾了美拉尼西亚 REDD+ 项目的成就和挑战，同时借鉴了全球和区域经验教训。大多数项目都受益于加强社区发展、就业、能力建设和加强治理。不正当的激励措施、缺乏对碳抵消的系统评估、利益相关者参与度差、反馈机制不足、妇女边缘化以及缺乏繁荣和可持续的替代生计仍然是主要挑战。这表明需要制定政策组合，了解毁林和森林退化的驱动因素，解决公平问题，加强保有权保障，消除不正当的激励措施，并确保在经济上有竞争力的保护激励措施，以增强REDD+对农村社区、政策制定者和民众的吸引力。私营部门，因此其影响力可以扩展到太平洋彼岸。