Excessive forest exploitation significantly contributes to land degradation and the creation of human-made deadwood. Stumps are sometimes ignored in studies on the biodiversity of coarse woody debris. We investigated whether the type of stump, i.e. broken stumps (naturally created) and cut stumps (formed during forestry operations) had an impact on the species composition and species diversity as well as due to this fact they can be characterized by plant indicators. The research covered 728 spruce stumps (287 broken and 441 cut stumps) that were inhabited by lichens, liverworts, mosses and vascular plants in mountain forest belt (Karkonosze Mts., Poland). The following types of microhabitats were included in the research: the upper surface and the lateral surface of a stump with both bark and wood. There are statistically significant compositional differences between the two types of stumps, which was demonstrated by ordination analyses and indicator species analysis. According to the generalized linear models, the probability of occurrence increases in cut stumps in case of liverworts and vascular plants and also along the decomposition stages. The generalized linear mixed-effects model showed that there was a higher species richness of liverworts, mosses and vascular plants on the cut stumps and less drier but the reverse situation was in lichens. The generalized additive models for their cover showed similar trends. Almost all of the taxonomic groups were affected by altitude both in terms of species composition and total cover on the stumps. We concluded that cut stumps are an important type of deadwood for biodiversity and provide a convenient habitat, especially for many lichens and bryophytes.

中文翻译：

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砍伐的树桩与破碎的树桩：这对中欧山地森林植物和地衣生物多样性的维护有什么影响吗？


过度的森林开发严重加剧了土地退化和人造枯木的产生。在粗木质残骸生物多样性的研究中有时会忽略树桩。我们调查了树桩的类型，即破碎的树桩（自然形成的）和切割树桩（林业作业期间形成的）是否对物种组成和物种多样性有影响，并且由于这一事实，它们可以通过植物指标来表征。该研究覆盖了山地森林带（波兰卡尔科诺谢山）的728个云杉树桩（287个折断树桩和441个切割树桩），这些树桩上栖息着地衣、苔藓、苔藓和维管束植物。研究中包括以下类型的微生境：具有树皮和木材的树桩的上表面和侧面。排序分析和指示物种分析证明了两种类型树桩之间存在统计学上显着的成分差异。根据广义线性模型，对于苔类植物和维管植物来说，在切碎的树桩中发生的概率会增加，并且沿着分解阶段也会增加。广义线性混合效应模型表明，砍伐的树桩上的苔藓、苔藓和维管束植物的物种丰富度较高，干燥程度较低，但地衣的情况相反。其封面的广义加性模型显示出类似的趋势。几乎所有分类群的物种组成和树桩总覆盖度都受到海拔高度的影响。我们的结论是，砍伐的树桩是生物多样性的重要枯木类型，并提供了便利的栖息地，特别是对于许多地衣和苔藓植物而言。