The purpose of the paper is twofold. Firstly, we investigate whether technological and structural shifts result in reduced energy intensity and lower CO2 emissions. Secondly, we explore whether such technological and industrial transformations interact and have a joint impact on the environment. We use a PVAR model in first differences for a panel of 34 OECD countries spanning from 1994 to 2019, as well as for a cluster of countries exhibiting the most compelling trend in energy intensity. The findings substantiate our research hypotheses. Notably, technological change exhibits a full impact on carbon dioxide emissions exclusively within the identified cluster. Structural change does not directly impact emissions reduction, yet it appears to act as a catalyst for green innovation and reduced energy intensity. Improvements in energy intensity lead to lower emissions and spur both technological and structural transformations. The technological change driven by R&D activities supports the trend towards services. Such a structural evolution serves as a stimulus for environmentally related innovations. In this context, environmental taxes wield a substantial influence on the environment and the energy transition.

中文翻译：

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“复杂”的转变：技术和结构转变中的能源强度和二氧化碳排放。来自经合组织国家的证据


本文的目的是双重的。首先，我们研究技术和结构转变是否会降低能源强度和二氧化碳排放量。其次，我们探讨这种技术和产业变革是否相互作用并对环境产生共同影响。我们使用 PVAR 模型对 1994 年至 2019 年期间 34 个 OECD 国家以及表现出最引人注目的能源强度趋势的一组国家进行一阶差分。研究结果证实了我们的研究假设。值得注意的是，技术变革仅对所确定集群内的二氧化碳排放产生全面影响。结构变化不会直接影响减排，但它似乎可以成为绿色创新和降低能源强度的催化剂。能源强度的提高可以减少排放并刺激技术和结构转型。研发活动驱动的技术变革支持了服务业的趋势。这种结构演变可以刺激环境相关的创新。在此背景下，环境税对环境和能源转型产生重大影响。