Early leaf spot (caused by ) and late leaf spot () are the most damaging fungal diseases of peanuts ( L.) in the southeastern United States. Producers rely heavily on single-site fungicides, which pose a moderate to high risk for resistance development. To mitigate this risk, chlorothalonil, the predominate multi-site fungicide used to manage leaf spot diseases in peanuts, is the backbone of leaf spot spray programs. However, the future availability of chlorothalonil in agriculture is at risk due to regulatory decisions and toxicity issues. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of copper sulfate, dodine, and sulfur alone or in combination with other single-site fungicides against leaf spot diseases as chlorothalonil alternatives as well as their influence on yield. Under low disease pressure, all the alternative fungicide programs provided statistically similar leaf spot control when compared to chlorothalonil alone. In contrast, under high disease pressure in 2022, dodine alone and dodine + penthiopyrad did not significantly decrease leaf spot severity when compared to the nontreated control. Additionally, dodine alone and the 2022 premium fungicide program had significantly higher leaf spot severity when compared to chlorothalonil alone under favorable weather patterns for rapid disease development. Sulfur + copper sulfate significantly reduced leaf spot severity as compared to chlorothalonil alone only in 2022. All other remaining fungicide programs provided statistically similar control as chlorothalonil alone. Overall, dodine, sulfur, and copper sulfate have potential to serve as alternatives to chlorothalonil in leaf spot fungicide spray programs in peanuts.

中文翻译：

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优化阿拉巴马州东南部花生叶斑病管理的杀菌剂方案：减少百菌清使用的案例


早期叶斑病（由 引起）和晚期叶斑病（由 引起）是美国东南部花生（L.）最具破坏性的真菌病害。生产者严重依赖单作用点杀菌剂，这对产生抗性造成中度至高度风险。为了减轻这种风险，百菌清（用于控制花生叶斑病的主要多位点杀菌剂）是叶斑病喷雾计划的支柱。然而，由于监管决策和毒性问题，百菌清在农业中的未来可用性面临风险。因此，本研究旨在评估硫酸铜、多丁和硫单独或与其他单作用点杀菌剂组合作为百菌清替代品对抗叶斑病的功效及其对产量的影响。在低病害压力下，与单独使用百菌清相比，所有替代杀菌剂方案都提供了统计上相似的叶斑病控制效果。相比之下，在 2022 年的高病害压力下，与未处理的对照相比，单独使用多多定和多定 + 吡噻菌胺并没有显着降低叶斑病的严重程度。此外，在疾病快速发展的有利天气模式下，与单独使用百菌清相比，单独使用多果定和 2022 年优质杀菌剂计划的叶斑病严重程度明显更高。仅在 2022 年，与单独使用百菌清相比，硫磺+硫酸铜显着降低了叶斑病的严重程度。所有其他剩余的杀菌剂方案提供了与单独使用百菌清统计上相似的控制效果。总体而言，多果碱、硫磺和硫酸铜有潜力在花生叶斑病杀菌剂喷雾项目中作为百菌清的替代品。