is one of the major tea pests in India and the strategies of management largely depend on application of different insecticides. Resistance in ten field populations of collected from different tea growing regions of Eastern India to three insecticides was evaluated by leaf dip method in the laboratory. The results showed varied levels of susceptibility in nine populations to thiamethoxam and deltamethrin with a resistance coefficient (RC) ranging from 2.04 to 30.95 and 1.56–59.81-fold, respectively. Upper Assam and Central Dooars populations showed high resistance to thiamethoxam and deltamethrin. A high resistance to deltamethrin was also recorded in the Eastern Dooars (RC = 52.74) and Western Dooars (RC = 53.07) populations. There was no resistance to quinalphos in any of the populations (RC = 0.11–0.60). The Darjeeling population was relatively susceptible to the insecticides. Biochemical enzyme assays suggested that glutathione S-transferases (GST), general esterase (GE) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities were high in most of the field populations as compared to the susceptible population. However, the expression of CYP was statistically at par between the Cachar, Tripura, Darjeeling and susceptible population. GST and GE activity displayed a strong significant correlation with LC values of thiamethoxam and deltamethrin while a moderate to strong linear relationship was recorded between CYP and the LCs of thiamethoxam and deltamethrin, respectively. A weak positive correlation was established between LC of quinalphos and the enzymes. Synergistic assays reveal that the addition of synergists’ piperonyl butoxide and diethyl maleate with thiamethoxam and deltamethrin enhanced the toxicity of these insecticides. The results of this study will contribute to the insecticide resistance management and integrated management of .

中文翻译：

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解码防御：印度东部茶园茶蚊 Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse（半翅目：Miridae）对杀虫剂抗性的生化见解


是印度主要的茶害虫之一，防治策略很大程度上取决于不同杀虫剂的使用。在实验室中采用浸叶法评价了从印度东部不同茶产区收集的10个田间种群对三种杀虫剂的抗性。结果显示，9个人群对噻虫嗪和溴氰菊酯的敏感性不同，耐药系数（RC）分别为2.04至30.95倍和1.56至59.81倍。上阿萨姆邦和中部杜阿尔种群对噻虫嗪和溴氰菊酯表现出高度耐药性。在东杜阿尔 (RC = 52.74) 和西杜阿尔 (RC = 53.07) 人群中也记录了对溴氰菊酯的高耐药性。所有人群均未对喹磷产生耐药性（RC = 0.11–0.60）。大吉岭人口对杀虫剂相对敏感。生化酶测定表明，与易感群体相比，大多数野外群体的谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST)、通用酯酶 (GE) 和细胞色素 P450 (CYP) 活性较高。然而，CYP 的表达在卡查尔、特里普拉邦、大吉岭和易感人群之间在统计学上是相同的。 GST 和 GE 活性与噻虫嗪和溴氰菊酯的 LC 值显示出很强的显着相关性，而 CYP 与噻虫嗪和溴氰菊酯的 LC 之间分别记录了中度至强线性关系。喹磷的LC与酶之间建立了弱的正相关性。协同分析表明，添加增效剂胡椒基丁醚和马来酸二乙酯以及噻虫嗪和溴氰菊酯可增强这些杀虫剂的毒性。 本研究结果将有助于昆虫的抗药性管理和综合管理。