In the past, biomass-based waste sources have demonstrated their potential for remediating heavy metals in contaminated soils and water. Nanoparticles have been extensively studied for their ability to absorb and recover heavy metals from the liquid portion of biomass digestate, contributing to a circular economy in biomass plants. By combining nanocomposites with the liquid fraction of biomass digestate, the efficiency and effectiveness of heavy metal remediation using the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique can be enhanced. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare different biomass-based nanocomposites for heavy metal remediation using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods. The AHP method prioritizes and ranks alternatives based on criteria such as heavy metal removal efficiency, production cost, and potential environmental impacts. The investigation reveals that porosity value is the most important criterion (48 %) compared to other parameters, while surface area has the lowest importance (6 %). The TOPSIS method uses distance measures to rank alternatives based on their proximity to the ideal solution. Among the tested nanocomposites, zinc oxide demonstrates optimum performance with removal rates of 92 % for copper, 95 % for lead, and 88 % for nickel. Additionally, an economic analysis of the system reveals a return on investment of approximately 5.9 %. In conclusion, this study presents a sustainable, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient solution for mitigating heavy metal pollution.

中文翻译：

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使用多标准决策方法对各种纳米复合材料修复生物质液体沼渣中重金属的比较分析


过去，基于生物质的废物源已证明其修复受污染土壤和水中重金属的潜力。纳米颗粒因其从生物质消化液液体部分中吸收和回收重金属的能力而被广泛研究，有助于生物质工厂的循环经济。通过将纳米复合材料与生物质消化液的液体部分相结合，可以提高使用多标准决策（MCDM）技术修复重金属的效率和效果。本研究的目的是使用层次分析法 (AHP) 和理想解决方案相似性优先顺序技术 (TOPSIS) 方法评估和比较用于重金属修复的不同生物质基纳米复合材料。 AHP 方法根据重金属去除效率、生产成本和潜在环境影响等标准对替代方案进行优先级排序和排名。调查显示，与其他参数相比，孔隙率值是最重要的标准 (48%)，而表面积的重要性最低 (6%)。 TOPSIS 方法使用距离度量根据与理想解决方案的接近程度对备选方案进行排名。在测试的纳米复合材料中，氧化锌表现出最佳性能，铜去除率为 92%，铅去除率为 95%，镍去除率为 88%。此外，系统的经济分析显示投资回报率约为 5.9%。总之，本研究提出了一种可持续、具有成本效益、环保且有效的减轻重金属污染的解决方案。