As the regulations related to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from fuel become stricter, fundamental changes are being effectuated to achieve the Paris Agreement agenda. Since the aviation sector contributes to 2.5 % of the global CO emission, it is imperative to tackle this conundrum imminently by reducing the CO emission from commercial flights, which are the main contributors to CO emission in the aviation sector. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has garnered tremendous attention in achieving carbon neutrality in the aviation sector. SAF is a suitable alternative since little to no modification of the aircraft is required for SAF usage. There are many challenges when it comes to implementing the use of SAF, including the large-scale production of SAF and the cost associated with the production of SAF. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of various factors related to the global implementation of SAF, considering the latest supporting policy frameworks and from the perspective of feedstock. It examines how existing SAF pathways contribute to large-scale production and explores the role of emerging technologies—from potential feedstocks to the latest advancements. The paper delves into several emerging technologies, including hydrothermal liquefaction, aqueous phase reforming, pyrolysis, and photofermentation, discussing their potential in SAF production and the challenges they present. Furthermore, this paper analyses the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the techno-economic analysis (TEA) of different feedstocks and processes for SAF production.

中文翻译：

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实施可持续航空燃料（SAF）的新兴技术、政策和挑战


随着与燃料温室气体 (GHG) 排放相关的法规变得更加严格，为实现《巴黎协定》议程正在实施根本性变革。由于航空业占全球二氧化碳排放量的 2.5%，因此迫切需要通过减少商业航班的二氧化碳排放来解决这一难题，而商业航班是航空业二氧化碳排放的主要贡献者。可持续航空燃料（SAF）在实现航空业碳中和方面引起了极大关注。 SAF 是一个合适的替代方案，因为使用 SAF 时几乎不需要对飞机进行任何修改。在实施SAF的使用方面存在许多挑战，包括SAF的大规模生产以及与SAF生产相关的成本。因此，本文旨在考虑最新的支持政策框架并从原料的角度概述与全球实施SAF相关的各种因素。它研究了现有的 SAF 途径如何促进大规模生产，并探讨了新兴技术的作用——从潜在原料到最新进展。本文深入研究了几种新兴技术，包括水热液化、水相重整、热解和光发酵，讨论了它们在 SAF 生产中的潜力及其带来的挑战。此外，本文还分析了 SAF 生产的不同原料和工艺的生命周期评估（LCA）和技术经济分析（TEA）。