Distribution, sources and ecological risks of PAHs and n-alkanes in water and sediments of typically polluted estuaries: Insights from the Xiaoqing River,Journal of Environmental Management

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Distribution, sources and ecological risks of PAHs and n-alkanes in water and sediments of typically polluted estuaries: Insights from the Xiaoqing River
Journal of Environmental Management ( IF 8.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121471
Feifei Zhang ₁ , Dong Zhang ₂ , Huawei Lou ₂ , Xiaoyue Li ₂ , Hongrui Fu ₁ , Xiaojun Sun ₁ , Peiyan Sun ₃ , Xinping Wang ₃ , Mutai Bao ₁

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Seasonal water and sediment samples were collected from the Xiaoqing River estuary and the neighboring sea to study the spatial and temporal distributions, sources and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes. The results showed significant spatial and temporal differences in the concentrations of PAHs and n-alkanes under the influence of precipitation, temperature, and human activities. The concentrations of PAHs in water were lower in the wet season than in the dry season, and those in sediments were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The concentrations of n-alkanes were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season for both water and sediments. The spatial distributions of PAHs and n-alkanes were estuarine > offshore. The concentration ranges of ∑PAHs in water and sediments were 230.66–599.86 ng/L and 84.51–5548.62 ng/g, respectively, in the wet season and 192.46–8649.55 ng/L and 23.39–1208.92 ng/g, respectively, in the dry season. The proportion of three-ring PAHs in water (57.03% and 78.27% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively) was high, followed by two-ring PAHs (27.31% and 13.59% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The proportion of four-ring PAHs was higher in sediments (24.79% and 32.20% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The ecological risk of PAHs assessed using the toxicity equivalent quotient and risk quotient was at moderate to moderately high risk levels. The high concentration of n-alkane fraction C16 (611.65–75594.58 ng/L) in the water is indicative of petroleum or other fossil fuel inputs. The main peaks of n-alkanes in river sediments were C27, C29 and C31, indicating higher inputs of plant sources. The sediments in the estuary showed dominance of both short-chain C16 and long-chain C25–C31, indicating a combined input of higher plants and petroleum. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs and n-alkanes indicated that their sources were mainly oil/coal/biomass combustion and petroleum spills attributed to frequent vehicular, vessel and mariculture activities. Given the potential ecological risks of PAHs and n-alkanes in water and sediments, future studies should focus on their bioaccumulation and biotoxicity.

中文翻译：

典型污染河口水体和沉积物中PAHs和正构烷烃的分布、来源及生态风险——来自小清河的洞察

在小清河口及邻近海域采集季节性水体和沉积物样品，研究多环芳烃（PAHs）和正构烷烃的时空分布、来源和生态风险。结果表明，在降水、温度和人类活动的影响下，PAHs和正构烷烃的浓度存在显着的时空差异。水中PAHs浓度雨季低于旱季，沉积物中PAHs浓度雨季高于旱季。水和沉积物中正构烷烃的浓度在雨季均高于旱季。 PAHs和正构烷烃的空间分布为河口>近海。水体和沉积物中ΣPAHs的浓度范围在雨季分别为230.66~599.86 ng/L和84.51~5548.62 ng/g，在雨季分别为192.46~8649.55 ng/L和23.39~1208.92 ng/g。旱季。水中三环PAHs所占比例较高（雨季和旱季分别为57.03%和78.27%），其次是二环PAHs（雨季和旱季分别为27.31%和13.59%）。沉积物中四环PAHs比例较高（雨季和旱季分别为24.79%和32.20%）。采用毒性当量商和风险商评估的PAHs生态风险处于中至中高风险水平。水中高浓度的正烷烃馏分 C16 (611.65–75594.58 ng/L) 表明存在石油或其他化石燃料输入。河流沉积物中正构烷烃的主峰为C27、C29和C31，表明植物源投入较高。河口沉积物显示出短链C16和长链C25-C31的优势，表明高等植物和石油的联合输入。 PAHs和正构烷烃的诊断比率表明，其来源主要是石油/煤炭/生物质燃烧以及频繁的车辆、船舶和海水养殖活动造成的石油泄漏。鉴于水和沉积物中多环芳烃和正构烷烃的潜在生态风险，未来的研究应重点关注其生物累积性和生物毒性。

更新日期：2024-06-14

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