With the advent of personalized medical approaches, precise and tailored treatments are expected to become widely accepted for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Paper-based colorimetric sensors that function in combination with smartphones have been rapidly developed in recent years because it does not require additional equipment and is inexpensive and easy to perform. In this study, we developed a portable, low-cost, and wearable sweat-glucose detection device for in situ detection. The sensor adopted an integrated biomimetic nanoenzyme of glucose oxidase (GOx) encapsulated in copper 1, 4-benzenedicarboxylate (CuBDC) (GOx@CuBDC) through a biomimetic mineralization process. CuBDC exhibited a peroxide-like effect, cascade catalytic effect with the encapsulated GOx, and increased the enzyme stability. GOx@CuBDC and 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine were combined to form a hybrid membrane that achieved single-step paper-based glucose detection. This GOx@CuBDC-based colorimetric glucose sensor was used to quantitatively analyze the sweat-glucose concentration with smartphone readings. The sensor exhibited a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 40–900 μM and a limit of detection of 20.7 μM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the sensor performed well in situ monitoring and in evaluating variations based on the consumption of foods with different glycemic indices. Therefore, the fabricated wearable sweat-glucose sensors exhibited optimal practical application performance.

中文翻译：

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封装在苯二甲酸铜中的级联纳米酶葡萄糖氧化酶的自组装，用于具有智能手机读数的可穿戴汗液葡萄糖比色传感器


随着个性化医疗方法的出现，精确和量身定制的治疗方法有望被广泛接受，用于预防和治疗糖尿病。与智能手机结合使用的纸基比色传感器近年来得到了迅速发展，因为它不需要额外的设备，而且价格便宜且易于执行。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种便携式、低成本、可穿戴的汗液葡萄糖检测装置，用于原位检测。该传感器采用了通过仿生矿化过程封装在1, 4-苯二甲酸铜（CuBDC）（GOx@CuBDC）中的葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）的集成仿生纳米酶。 CuBDC 表现出类似过氧化物的作用，与封装的 GOx 具有级联催化作用，并增加了酶的稳定性。 GOx@CuBDC和3,3,5,5-四甲基联苯胺组合形成杂化膜，实现单步纸基葡萄糖检测。这种基于 GOx@CuBDC 的比色葡萄糖传感器用于通过智能手机读数定量分析汗液葡萄糖浓度。该传感器在 40–900 μM 的浓度范围内表现出良好的线性关系，检测限为 20.7 μM (S/N = 3)。此外，该传感器在原位监测和评估基于不同血糖指数食物消耗的变化方面表现良好。因此，所制造的可穿戴汗液葡萄糖传感器表现出最佳的实际应用性能。