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Hernandezine acts as a CDK4 suppressor inhibiting tumor growth by the CDK4/PKM2/NRF2 axis in colon cancer
Phytomedicine ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155775
Jun-Lin Lv 1 , Yu-Shan Ren 2 , Yu-Jun Tan 3 , Ting Chu 1 , Xin-Yue Cao 1 , Huai-Yuan Liu 1 , Ru Ma 1 , Han Zhang 1 , Qiu-Sheng Zheng 1 , Gui-Cheng Dong 4 , Jie Li 1
Affiliation  

The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) interacts with its canonical and non-canonical substrates modulating the cell cycle in tumor cells. However, the potential substrates and the beyond-cell-cycle-regulated functions of CDK4 in colon cancer (CC) are still unknown. Hernandezine (HER) is previously verified to induce G0/G1 phase arrest and autophagic cell death in human cancer cells, which implies that HER might target G0/G1 phase-related proteins, including CDK4. The present study tried to investigate the glycolytic metabolism and oxidative stress functions of CDK4 in colon cancer. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects and potential binding sites of HER on CDK4, as well as its anti-tumor activity were investigated in CC cells. The mass spectrometry assay was performed to identify potential endogenous substrates of CDK4 and the correlation between glycolytic metabolic rate and CDK4 level in COAD patient tissues. Meanwhile, after inhibiting the activity or the expression of CDK4, the binding capacity of CDK4 to PKM2 and NRF2 and the latter two protein distributions in cytoplasm and nucleus were detected in CC cells. , the regulatory effects of the CDK4-PKM2-NRF2 axis on glycolysis and oxidative stress were performed by ECAR, OCR, and ROS assay. The inhibitory effect of HER on CDK4 activity was explored in CC cells and the potential binding sites were predicted and testified . Furthermore, tumor growth inhibition of HER by suppressing the CDK4-PKM2-NRF2 axis was also investigated and . PKM2 and NRF2 were identified as endogenous substrates of CDK4 and, high-expressed CDK4 was associated with low-level glycolysis in COAD. , inactivated CDK4 facilitated CDK4-PKM2-NRF2 complex formation which resulted in 1) inhibited PKM2 activity and retarded the glycolytic rate; 2) cytoplasm-detained NRF2 failed to transcript anti-oxidative gene expressions and induced oxidant stress. Additionally, as a CDK4 inhibitor, HER developed triple anti-tumor effects including induced G0/G1 phase arrest, suppressed glycolysis, and disrupted the anti-oxidative capacity of CC cells. : The results first time revealed that CDK4 modulated glycolytic and anti-oxidative capacity of CC cells bound to its endogenous substrates, PKM2 and NRF2. Additionally, 140145 amino acid sites of CDK4 were potential targets of HER. HER exerts anti-tumor activity by inhibited the activity of CDK4, promoted the CDK4-PKM2-NRF2 complex formation in the CC cells.

中文翻译:


Hernandezine 在结肠癌中作为 CDK4 抑制因子,通过 CDK4/PKM2/NRF2 轴抑制肿瘤生长



细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 4 (CDK4) 与其经典和非经典底物相互作用,调节肿瘤细胞中的细胞周期。然而,CDK4 在结肠癌 (CC) 中的潜在底物和细胞外周期调节功能仍然未知。Hernandezine (HER) 先前被证实可在人癌细胞中诱导 G0/G1 期阻滞和自噬细胞死亡,这意味着 HER 可能靶向 G0/G1 期相关蛋白,包括 CDK4。本研究试图探讨 CDK4 在结肠癌中的糖酵解代谢和氧化应激功能。此外,研究了 HER 对 CDK4 的抑制作用和潜在结合位点,以及其在 CC 细胞中的抗肿瘤活性。进行质谱分析以确定 CDK4 的潜在内源性底物以及 COAD 患者组织中糖酵解代谢率与 CDK4 水平之间的相关性。同时,在抑制 CDK4 的活性或表达后,在 CC 细胞中检测到 CDK4 与 PKM2 和 NRF2 的结合能力以及后两种蛋白在细胞质和细胞核中的分布。,通过 ECAR 、 OCR 和 ROS 法研究 CDK4-PKM2-NRF2 轴对糖酵解和氧化应激的调控作用。在 CC 细胞中探索 HER 对 CDK4 活性的抑制作用,并预测和证明潜在的结合位点。此外,还研究了通过抑制 CDK4-PKM2-NRF2 轴对 HER 的肿瘤生长抑制作用和 .PKM2 和 NRF2 被鉴定为 CDK4 的内源性底物,高表达 CDK4 与 COAD 中的低水平糖酵解相关。 ,失活的 CDK4 促进了 CDK4-PKM2-NRF2 复合物的形成,导致 1) 抑制 PKM2 活性并延缓糖酵解速率;2) 细胞质滞留的 NRF2 无法转录抗氧化基因表达并诱导氧化应激。此外,作为 CDK4 抑制剂,HER 具有三重抗肿瘤作用,包括诱导 G0/G1 期停滞、抑制糖酵解和破坏 CC 细胞的抗氧化能力。: 结果首次揭示 CDK4 调节与其内源性底物 PKM2 和 NRF2 结合的 CC 细胞的糖酵解和抗氧化能力。此外,CDK4 的 140145 个氨基酸位点是 HER 的潜在靶点。HER 通过抑制 CDK4 的活性发挥抗肿瘤活性,促进 CC 细胞中 CDK4-PKM2-NRF2 复合物的形成。
更新日期:2024-05-28
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