Classifying excavation-induced slopes considering the arching effect and understating the features are crucial for determining the appropriate designs for excavation, assessing the long-term behaviors of excavations, and identifying potential failure modes. The objective of this study is to establish a classification system for excavation-induced slopes and to identify the features and applications of each slope. A series of physical model tests were carried out to investigate the deformation and failure behaviors of slope under different conditions. Assisted with the monitoring of earth pressure cells, digital and high-speed cameras, the deformation and failure characteristics were analyzed through particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis. The results show that the slope models can be separated into three types: “shear plane arching” slope; “partial arching” slope; and approaching “full arching” slope. During the prefailure process, unyield zone ratio decreases from “shear plane arching” slope to “particle arching” slope to approaching “full arching” slope, while the yield zone ratio and interaction zone ratio increase. In the postfailure, the “full arching” slope can create higher initial kinetic energy. The classification and features of the excavation-induced slopes helps to supply engineers with the information for guiding the operation at sites.

中文翻译：

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开挖边坡的拱效应：分类和特征


考虑拱形效应对开挖引起的斜坡进行分类并了解其特征对于确定适当的开挖设计、评估开挖的长期行为以及识别潜在的破坏模式至关重要。本研究的目的是建立开挖引发边坡的分类系统，并确定每个边坡的特征和应用。开展了一系列物理模型试验，研究不同条件下边坡的变形和破坏行为。在土压力盒、数字和高速摄像机的监测辅助下，通过粒子图像测速（PIV）分析分析变形和破坏特征。结果表明，边坡模型可分为三种类型：“剪力面拱形”边坡； “部分拱形”坡度；并接近“全拱形”坡度。破坏预过程中，未屈服区比例从“剪切面拱形”坡度到“颗粒拱形”坡度逐渐减小，再到接近“全拱形”坡度，而屈服区比例和相互作用区比例增加。失效后，“全拱形”坡度可以产生更高的初始动能。开挖边坡的分类和特征有助于为工程师提供指导现场作业的信息。