With the growing concern over range anxiety among electric vehicle (EV) owners due to limited battery capacity and sparse charging infrastructure, EV-to-EV (V2V) energy sharing emerges as a crucial solution to extend driving range. Leveraging the vehicular energy network (VEN) enabled by dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology, energy sharing among EVs in motion becomes feasible. However, the effective establishment of communication and identification of suitable V2V energy sharing pairs pose significant challenges, particularly for EVs with discharging demands. To address this challenge, we propose a new discharging driven energy sharing protocol based on vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Firstly, we present a routing approach for transmitting discharging information through VANETs, considering key factors such as distance, state of charge, number of neighbor vehicles, and vehicle speed. This routing scheme facilitates efficient relay node selection on road segments and intersections, ensuring optimal communication paths. Subsequently, we formulate a charging requester selection model to identify the most suitable requester for energy sharing. This model optimizes individual utility while accounting for the state of charge of the requesters, ensuring a comprehensive and inclusive approach to V2V energy sharing. Finally, we develop an acknowledgment message transmission scheme to ensure the completion of selection acknowledgment between discharging EVs and charging EVs. This scheme includes provisions for recovery in case of forwarding link failures, ensuring robust communication in dynamic vehicular environments. Extensive simulations conducted using network simulator 2 (NS-2) demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed protocol in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and overall V2V energy sharing efficiency.

中文翻译：

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车辆能源网络中V2V通信的放电驱动能量共享协议


由于电池容量有限和充电基础设施稀疏，电动汽车 (EV) 车主越来越担心里程焦虑，电动汽车对电动汽车 (V2V) 能源共享成为延长行驶里程的关键解决方案。利用动态无线电力传输（DWPT）技术支持的车辆能源网络（VEN），行驶中的电动汽车之间的能量共享变得可行。然而，有效建立通信并识别合适的V2V能量共享对提出了重大挑战，特别是对于有放电需求的电动汽车而言。为了应对这一挑战，我们提出了一种基于车载自组织网络（VANET）的新的放电驱动能量共享协议。首先，我们提出了一种通过 VANET 传输放电信息的路由方法，考虑了距离、充电状态、相邻车辆数量和车辆速度等关键因素。该路由方案有利于路段和交叉口的中继节点的高效选择，确保最佳的通信路径。随后，我们制定了充电请求者选择模型，以确定最适合能源共享的请求者。该模型优化了个人效用，同时考虑了请求者的充电状态，确保了全面且包容的 V2V 能源共享方法。最后，我们开发了一种确认消息传输方案，以确保完成放电电动汽车和充电电动汽车之间的选择确认。该方案包括转发链路故障时的恢复措施，确保动态车辆环境中的稳健通信。 使用网络模拟器 2 (NS-2) 进行的广泛模拟证明了所提出的协议在数据包传输率、端到端延迟和整体 V2V 能量共享效率方面的卓越性能。