This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of an emerging category of adsorbing materials known as high surface area materials (HSAMs) in the realm of water remediation. The objective is to shed light on recent advancements in HSAMs featuring multiple dimensionalities, addressing their efficacy in adsorbing toxic metal ions from wastewater. The spectrum of HSAMs examined in this review encompasses metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), carbon-based porous materials, mesoporous silica, polymer-based porous materials, layered double hydroxides, and aerogels. This review delves into the state-of-the-art design and synthetic approaches for these materials, elucidating their inherent properties. It particularly emphasizes how the combination of high surface area and pore structure contributes to their effectiveness in adsorbing toxic metal ions. These materials possess remarkable attributes, including molecular functionalization versatility, high porosity, expansive surface area, distinctive physicochemical characteristics, and well-defined crystal structures, rendering them exceptional adsorbents. While each of these materials boasts unique advantages stemming from their remarkable properties, their synthesis often entails intricate and costly procedures, presenting a substantial obstacle to their commercialization and widespread adoption. Finally, the review underscores the existing challenges that must be addressed to expedite their translation for water remediation applications of these promising materials.

中文翻译：

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揭示高表面积多孔材料的前沿进展，用于有效去除水中的有毒金属离子


本综述对水修复领域中被称为高表面积材料 (HSAM) 的新兴吸附材料类别进行了全面评估。目的是揭示多维 HSAM 的最新进展，解决其吸附废水中有毒金属离子的功效。本综述中研究的 HSAM 范围包括金属有机框架 (MOF)、共价有机框架 (COF)、碳基多孔材料、介孔二氧化硅、聚合物基多孔材料、层状双氢氧化物和气凝胶。这篇综述深入研究了这些材料的最先进的设计和合成方法，阐明了它们的固有特性。它特别强调了高表面积和孔隙结构的结合如何有助于其吸附有毒金属离子的有效性。这些材料具有显着的特性，包括分子功能化多功能性、高孔隙率、广阔的表面积、独特的物理化学特性和明确的晶体结构，使它们成为卓越的吸附剂。虽然这些材料中的每一种都因其卓越的性能而拥有独特的优势，但它们的合成通常需要复杂且昂贵的程序，这对其商业化和广泛采用构成了重大障碍。最后，该评论强调了必须解决的现有挑战，以加快这些有前景材料的水修复应用的转化。