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Clogging of toe drain drastically affects phreatic seepage in earth dams
Advances in Water Resources ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104737
Shahad Al-Yaqoubi , Ali Al-Maktoumi , Yurii Obnosov , Anvar Kacimov
Advances in Water Resources ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104737
Shahad Al-Yaqoubi , Ali Al-Maktoumi , Yurii Obnosov , Anvar Kacimov
In aged levees, toe (blanket) drains get clogged with time due to seepage-induced suffusion and translocation of fine soil fractions from the upstream to the downstream part of the embankment. These particles deposit on the top of the drain (usually, Terzhagi's graded gravel) as a cake. Also, high hydraulic gradients in the vicinity of the drain move the fine particles into the body of the coarse filter material such that “internal colmation” takes place. In this paper 2-D seepage to a clogged drain is studied experimentally, analytically and numerically. In a sandbox, we illustrate the difference in the position of a phreatic surface and the seepage flow rate between an equipotential toe drain and a clogged one. In the analytical solution, a potential flow model is used and the Neumann (Kirkham-Brock) boundary condition on the clogged drain surface (horizontal segment) is imposed. A circular triangle is mapped conformally onto a reference half-plane, where Hilbert's boundary value problem for a holomorphic function is solved. For a given size of the levee, clogging causes a significant rise of the phreatic surface, although the seepage flow rate drops. In HYDRUS2-D simulations, a FEM-meshed Richards’ equation for a saturated-unsaturated 2-D flow is used for solving in a composite polygon, which mimics a vertical cross-section of a rectangular levee and a clogged-colmated blanket drain. Numerical results are in rough agreement with the analytical model.
中文翻译:
脚趾排水管堵塞严重影响土坝的渗流
在老化的堤坝中,随着时间的推移,由于渗流引起的漫溢和细土部分从堤坝上游到下游部分的移位,趾(覆盖)排水沟会被堵塞。这些颗粒以饼状沉积在排水沟(通常是泰尔扎吉级配砾石)的顶部。此外,排水管附近的高水力梯度会将细颗粒移动到粗过滤材料的主体中,从而发生“内部结膜”。本文通过实验、分析和数值研究了堵塞排水管的二维渗流。在沙箱中,我们展示了潜水面位置的差异以及等电位脚趾排水管和堵塞排水管之间的渗流速率。在解析解中,使用势流模型,并对堵塞的排水表面(水平段)施加 Neumann (Kirkham-Brock) 边界条件。将圆形三角形共角映射到参考半平面上,从而解决了全纯函数的希尔伯特边值问题。对于给定尺寸的堤坝,尽管渗流速率下降,但堵塞会导致潜水面显着上升。在 HYDRUS2-D 模拟中,饱和-非饱和二维流的有限元网格理查兹方程用于在复合多边形中求解,该多边形模拟矩形堤坝的垂直横截面和堵塞的平行排水沟。数值结果与分析模型大致一致。
更新日期:2024-06-01
中文翻译:
脚趾排水管堵塞严重影响土坝的渗流
在老化的堤坝中,随着时间的推移,由于渗流引起的漫溢和细土部分从堤坝上游到下游部分的移位,趾(覆盖)排水沟会被堵塞。这些颗粒以饼状沉积在排水沟(通常是泰尔扎吉级配砾石)的顶部。此外,排水管附近的高水力梯度会将细颗粒移动到粗过滤材料的主体中,从而发生“内部结膜”。本文通过实验、分析和数值研究了堵塞排水管的二维渗流。在沙箱中,我们展示了潜水面位置的差异以及等电位脚趾排水管和堵塞排水管之间的渗流速率。在解析解中,使用势流模型,并对堵塞的排水表面(水平段)施加 Neumann (Kirkham-Brock) 边界条件。将圆形三角形共角映射到参考半平面上,从而解决了全纯函数的希尔伯特边值问题。对于给定尺寸的堤坝,尽管渗流速率下降,但堵塞会导致潜水面显着上升。在 HYDRUS2-D 模拟中,饱和-非饱和二维流的有限元网格理查兹方程用于在复合多边形中求解,该多边形模拟矩形堤坝的垂直横截面和堵塞的平行排水沟。数值结果与分析模型大致一致。