Following that 60% of the EU's soils are in unhealthy condition, the German government has identified soil protection as a key area of action within the framework of the Agricultural Strategy 2035 as a part of the development of a sustainable agricultural and food system. In particular, harmful compaction of topsoil and subsoil has a negative impact on yield, nitrogen efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. Slurry hosing is an effective technique to reduce the risk of soil compaction by simultaneously minimising both the number of field passes and the weight of the machinery during slurry spreading. This article assesses farmers' preferences for a stylised slurry hosing support scheme and ascertains the personal and farm characteristics that are likely to affect scheme uptake. In a discrete choice survey of 100 German farmers, the respondents were asked to choose among different support schemes and the status quo. The support schemes on offer varied the subsidy rate, the spatial coverage of the scheme, the minimum proportion of a farm's manure to be applied via slurry hosing, the time window for slurry spreading, the commitment period, and the type of compliance monitoring. Since the participants' decision for or against participation in the support programme is binomial, the survey data was analysed by logistic regression in the form of a mixed logit model and a latent-class model. A mixed logit results suggest that the majority of respondents valued an extension of the time window for slurry spreading, whereas tighter programme requirements were mostly rejected. The latent-class model revealed three preference classes with different perceptions of the scheme's attributes. Younger farmers with larger farms and suitable site conditions for the hosing technique were identified as a potential target group for the scheme. Overall uptake rates are likely to remain low should such a scheme be launched. Furthermore, the recommendations for scheme design are not universal. They rather apply only to the group of farmers surveyed, i.e. larger farms with largely favourable site conditions. Since smaller farms may have self-selected themselves out of the survey, it is not permissible to tailor the programme to these very farms on the basis of the results.

中文翻译：

---

农民对设计泥浆软管支撑方案以对抗土壤板结的偏好：来自德国离散选择实验的见解


鉴于欧盟60%的土壤处于不健康状况，德国政府将土壤保护确定为2035年农业战略框架内的一个关键行动领域，作为可持续农业和粮食系统发展的一部分。特别是表土和底土的有害压实会对产量、氮效率和温室气体排放产生负面影响。泥浆软管是一种有效降低土壤板结风险的技术，可同时最大限度地减少泥浆撒播过程中的田间通过次数和机械重量。本文评估了农民对程式化泥浆浇灌支持计划的偏好，并确定了可能影响计划采用的个人和农场特征。在一项针对 100 名德国农民的离散选择调查中，受访者被要求在不同的支持计划和现状中进行选择。所提供的支持计划的补贴率、计划的空间覆盖范围、通过淤浆软管施用的农场粪便的最低比例、淤浆撒播的时间窗口、承诺期限和合规监测类型各不相同。由于参与者支持或反对参与支持计划的决定是二项式的，因此调查数据通过混合 Logit 模型和潜在类别模型形式的逻辑回归进行分析。混合对数结果表明，大多数受访者重视延长泥浆撒播时间窗口，而更严格的计划要求大多被拒绝。潜在类别模型揭示了三个偏好类别，对方案的属性具有不同的看法。 拥有较大农场和适合浇水技术的场地条件的年轻农民被确定为该计划的潜在目标群体。如果启动这样的计划，总体采用率可能会保持在较低水平。此外，方案设计的建议并不具有普遍性。它们仅适用于接受调查的农民群体，即场地条件基本有利的大型农场。由于较小的农场可能自行选择退出调查，因此不允许根据结果为这些农场量身定制计划。