We evaluated whether thymol (THY) (30 mg/kg b.wt) could relieve the adverse effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) (22.5 mg/kg b.wt) on the liver in a 56-day oral experiment and the probable underlying mechanisms. THY significantly suppressed the IMD-associated increase in hepatic enzyme leakage. Besides, the IMD-induced dyslipidemia was considerably corrected by THY. Moreover, THY significantly repressed the IMD-induced hepatic oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inflammation. Of note, the Feulgen, mercuric bromophenol blue, and PAS-stained hepatic tissue sections analysis declared that treatment with THY largely rescued the IMD-induced depletion of the DNA, total proteins, and polysaccharides. Moreover, THY treatment did not affect the NF-kB p65 immunoexpression but markedly downregulated the Caspase-3 in the hepatocytes of the THY+IMD-treated group than the IMD-treated group. Conclusively, THY could efficiently protect against IMD-induced hepatotoxicity, probably through protecting cellular macromolecules and antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.

中文翻译：

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百里香酚对吡虫啉暴露大鼠肝脏中细胞大分子、氧化应激、DNA 损伤和 NF-kB/caspase-3 信号传导的调节


我们在为期 56 天的口服实验中评估了百里香酚 (THY) (30 mg/kg b.wt) 是否可以缓解新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉 (IMD) (22.5 mg/kg b.wt) 对肝脏的不良影响，以及可能的潜在机制。 THY 显着抑制了 IMD 相关的肝酶渗漏增加。此外，IMD 引起的血脂异常被 THY 显着纠正。此外，THY 显着抑制 IMD 诱导的肝脏氧化应激、脂质过氧化、DNA 损伤和炎症。值得注意的是，Feulgen、汞溴酚蓝和 PAS 染色的肝组织切片分析表明，THY 治疗在很大程度上挽救了 IMD 引起的 DNA、总蛋白和多糖的消耗。此外，THY治疗不影响NF-kB p65免疫表达，但与IMD治疗组相比，THY+IMD治疗组肝细胞中Caspase-3显着下调。总之，THY 可能通过保护细胞大分子以及抗氧化、抗凋亡和抗炎活性来有效防止 IMD 诱导的肝毒性。