Occurrence of the two major regulated mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1, in cereal and cereal-based products in Europe and toxicological effects: A review,Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Occurrence of the two major regulated mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1, in cereal and cereal-based products in Europe and toxicological effects: A review
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104489
Beatriz Arce-López ₁ , Monika Coton ₁ , Emmanuel Coton ₁ , Nolwenn Hymery ₁

Affiliation

Among cereal contaminants, mycotoxins are of concern due to their importance in terms of food and feed safety. The difficulty in establishing a diagnosis for mycotoxicosis relies on the fact that the effects are most often subclinical for chronic exposure and the most common scenario is multi-contamination by various toxins. Mycotoxin co-occurrence is a major food safety concern as additive or even synergic toxic impacts may occur, but also regarding current regulations as they mainly concern individual mycotoxin levels in specific foods and feed in the food chain. However, due to the large number of possible mycotoxin combinations, there is still limited knowledge on co-exposure toxicity data, which depends on several parameters. In this context, this systematic review aims to provide an overview of the toxic effects of two regulated mycotoxins, namely ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1. This review focused on the 2012–2022 period and analysed the occurrence in Europe of the selected mycotoxins in different food matrices (cereals and cereal-derived products), and their toxic impact, alone or in combination, on i intestinal and hepatic human cells. To better understand and evaluate the associated risks, further research is needed using new approach methodologies (NAM), such as 3D models. Cereals and their derived products are the most important food source for humans and feed for animals worldwide. This manuscript is a state of the art review of the literature over the last ten years on ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 mycotoxins in these products in Europe as well as their toxicological effects, alone and in combination, on human cells. Future perspectives and some challenges regarding the assessment of toxicological effects of mycotoxins are also discussed.

中文翻译：

欧洲谷物和谷物产品中两种主要受管制霉菌毒素赭曲霉毒素 A 和伏马菌素 B1 的出现情况及毒理学影响：综述

在谷物污染物中，霉菌毒素因其对食品和饲料安全的重要性而受到关注。建立霉菌毒素中毒诊断的困难在于，慢性接触的影响通常是亚临床的，最常见的情况是各种毒素的多重污染。霉菌毒素共存是一个主要的食品安全问题，因为可能会发生叠加甚至协同毒性影响，但也涉及现行法规，因为它们主要涉及食物链中特定食品和饲料中的个别霉菌毒素水平。然而，由于可能存在大量霉菌毒素组合，对共同暴露毒性数据的了解仍然有限，这取决于几个参数。在此背景下，本系统综述旨在概述两种受管制霉菌毒素（即赭曲霉毒素 A 和伏马菌素 B1）的毒性作用。本综述重点关注 2012 年至 2022 年期间，分析了欧洲不同食品基质（谷物和谷物衍生产品）中选定的霉菌毒素的出现情况，以及它们单独或组合对人体肠道和肝脏细胞的毒性影响。为了更好地理解和评估相关风险，需要使用 3D 模型等新方法 (NAM) 进行进一步研究。谷物及其衍生产品是人类最重要的食物来源和全世界动物的饲料。本手稿是对过去十年来欧洲这些产品中的赭曲霉毒素 A 和伏马菌素 B1 霉菌毒素及其单独和组合对人体细胞的毒理学影响的文献综述。还讨论了有关霉菌毒素毒理学效应评估的未来前景和一些挑战。

更新日期：2024-06-04

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