ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot, has gained considerable attention as a transformative yet controversial tool for enhancing teaching and learning experiences. Several reviews and numerous articles have been written about harnessing ChatGPT in education since its release on November 30, 2022. Besides summarising its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) as identified in previous systematic reviews of ChatGPT research, this systematic review aims to develop a new understanding of its influence on student engagement by synthesising the existing related research using a three-dimensional framework comprising behavioural, emotional, and cognitive aspects. We searched relevant databases and included 72 empirical studies published within one year of ChatGPT's initial release. The findings reveal robust but narrowly focused evidence related to behavioural engagement (i.e., work with ChatGPT) and disengagement (i.e., academic dishonesty). The evidence related to the emotional aspect is mixed, with instances of both engagement (e.g., satisfaction and interest/fun) and disengagement (e.g., disappointment and worry/anxiety). There is broad but weak evidence regarding cognitive engagement (e.g., increased understanding and positive self-perception) and disengagement (e.g., reduced critical thinking and overreliance). Our review uncovers several under-explored indicators of student engagement, pointing to the need for further research. Specifically, future studies could focus on students' study habits and attendance (behavioural engagement), social interaction (emotional engagement), and self-regulation and critical thinking (cognitive engagement) in ChatGPT-supported learning environments.

中文翻译：

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ChatGPT 对学生参与度的影响：系统回顾和未来研究议程


ChatGPT 是一种最先进的人工智能 (AI) 聊天机器人，作为增强教学体验的变革性但颇具争议的工具而受到了广泛关注。自 2022 年 11 月 30 日发布以来，已经撰写了有关在教育中利用 ChatGPT 的多篇评论和大量文章。除了总结之前对 ChatGPT 研究的系统评论中确定的优势、劣势、机会和威胁 (SWOT) 之外，本系统评论还旨在通过使用包括行为、情感和认知方面的三维框架综合现有的相关研究，对其对学生参与的影响有一个新的理解。我们检索了相关数据库，纳入了 ChatGPT 首次发布一年内发表的 72 项实证研究。研究结果揭示了与行为参与（即使用 ChatGPT）和脱离（即学术不诚实）相关的强有力但焦点集中的证据。与情感方面相关的证据是混合的，既有参与（例如满足和兴趣/乐趣）又有脱离（例如失望和担心/焦虑）的情况。关于认知参与（例如，增加理解和积极的自我认知）和脱离（例如，减少批判性思维和过度依赖）有广泛但薄弱的证据。我们的审查发现了几个尚未充分探索的学生参与度指标，表明需要进一步研究。具体来说，未来的研究可以侧重于 ChatGPT 支持的学习环境中学生的学习习惯和出勤（行为参与）、社交互动（情感参与）以及自我调节和批判性思维（认知参与）。