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Optimal Design of an Absorbent-Enhanced Ammonia Synthesis Process for Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-12 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02464 Oswaldo Andrés-Martínez 1 , Mahdi Malmali 2 , Qi Zhang 1 , Prodromos Daoutidis 1
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-12 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02464 Oswaldo Andrés-Martínez 1 , Mahdi Malmali 2 , Qi Zhang 1 , Prodromos Daoutidis 1
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Concentrating solar power systems are crucial for capturing solar energy. However, the intermittent nature of sunlight necessitates effective energy storage solutions. Ammonia-based thermochemical energy storage systems have emerged as a promising option, utilizing solar energy to dissociate ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen gas. This gaseous mixture is then employed for exothermic ammonia synthesis, releasing energy for a continuous thermal power cycle. This study focuses on the optimal design of a novel ammonia synthesis process, which uses absorption for ammonia separation instead of condensation, for solar thermochemical energy recovery. A comprehensive first-principles model of the system, encompassing ammonia synthesis and absorption, heat exchange, and gas compression and storage, was developed. An optimization problem was formulated considering standard materials and design constraints, and a nested optimization/simulation approach was employed to integrate the transient absorption behavior with steady-state design. The results provide optimal dimensions and operating conditions for all process units, minimizing the total capital cost. Various operating pressures were examined, revealing minimal differences among the optimal results. The proposed absorbent-enhanced ammonia synthesis process can heat supercritical steam from 350 to 720 °C, producing approximately 40.6 MWt with discharging and exergetic efficiencies of around 85 and 25%, respectively. Given that the storage tank is the most expensive unit, it was replaced with underground storage, resulting in a levelized cost of heat of about 1.6 ¢/kWht. The case study findings highlight the potential of utilizing ammonia absorption in an ammonia-based thermochemical energy storage system.
中文翻译：
太阳能热化学储能吸收剂强化氨合成工艺的优化设计
聚光太阳能发电系统对于捕获太阳能至关重要。然而，阳光的间歇性需要有效的能量存储解决方案。基于氨的热化学储能系统已成为一种有前途的选择，利用太阳能将氨分解成氢气和氮气。然后，该气态混合物用于放热氨合成，释放用于连续热动力循环的能量。本研究重点是新型氨合成工艺的优化设计，该工艺利用吸收进行氨分离而不是冷凝，用于太阳能热化学能量回收。开发了该系统的综合第一性原理模型，包括氨合成和吸收、热交换以及气体压缩和存储。考虑标准材料和设计约束制定了优化问题，并采用嵌套优化/模拟方法将瞬态吸收行为与稳态设计相结合。结果为所有工艺单元提供了最佳尺寸和操作条件，从而最大限度地降低了总资本成本。检查了各种操作压力，揭示了最佳结果之间的最小差异。所提出的吸收剂强化氨合成工艺可以将超临界蒸汽从 350°C 加热到 720°C，产生约 40.6 MW t ，排放效率和火热效率分别约为 85% 和 25%。鉴于储罐是最昂贵的单元，它被地下储热所取代，导致平均热量成本约为 1.6 美分/千瓦时 t 。案例研究结果强调了在氨基热化学储能系统中利用氨吸收的潜力。
更新日期：2024-06-12
中文翻译：
太阳能热化学储能吸收剂强化氨合成工艺的优化设计
聚光太阳能发电系统对于捕获太阳能至关重要。然而，阳光的间歇性需要有效的能量存储解决方案。基于氨的热化学储能系统已成为一种有前途的选择，利用太阳能将氨分解成氢气和氮气。然后，该气态混合物用于放热氨合成，释放用于连续热动力循环的能量。本研究重点是新型氨合成工艺的优化设计，该工艺利用吸收进行氨分离而不是冷凝，用于太阳能热化学能量回收。开发了该系统的综合第一性原理模型，包括氨合成和吸收、热交换以及气体压缩和存储。考虑标准材料和设计约束制定了优化问题，并采用嵌套优化/模拟方法将瞬态吸收行为与稳态设计相结合。结果为所有工艺单元提供了最佳尺寸和操作条件，从而最大限度地降低了总资本成本。检查了各种操作压力，揭示了最佳结果之间的最小差异。所提出的吸收剂强化氨合成工艺可以将超临界蒸汽从 350°C 加热到 720°C，产生约 40.6 MW t ，排放效率和火热效率分别约为 85% 和 25%。鉴于储罐是最昂贵的单元，它被地下储热所取代，导致平均热量成本约为 1.6 美分/千瓦时 t 。案例研究结果强调了在氨基热化学储能系统中利用氨吸收的潜力。
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