The Ecca equivalent coal deposits in the Morupule, Mmamabula, and Mabesekwa coalfields exist within the Kalahari Karoo Basin of the Karoo Super Group. Only the Morupule coal has proved its potential for power generation; while, the utilization value of the Mmamabula and Mabesekwa coals is yet to be determined. The current study presents petrographical characteristics of the three seams from each coalfield. Reflected light microscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy was used in the study. The analyses revealed that the Morupule and Mabesekwa coals are rich in inertinite; while, the Mmamabula coal is rich in vitrinite. The vitrinite reflectance indicates that the coal rank stretches between high volatile bituminous B and high volatile bituminous A. The compositions of macerals and coal facies indicate variations in the depositional conditions for the three studied coalfields. The Morupule and Mabesekwa coals were accumulated in a terrestrial bedmont dry forest swamp through fluvial vegetation transportation; while, the Mmamabula coal was deposited in a limnic upper plain wet forest swamp through alluvial vegetation transportation. Hydrological conditions were rheotrophic except in the Mmamabula South, which had ombrotrophic conditions. Based on petrographic compositions, coals from the Mmamabula East, Mmamabula South, Morupule East Main, Morupule West Main and Morupule South would be suitable for carbonization, gasification and liquefaction processes. However, several challenges with coals from the Mmamabula South, Mabesekwa Seam B, Mabesekwa Seam C and Mabesekwa Seam E would be encountered during carbonization, gasification and liquefaction due to high ash content and inert semifusinite content.

莫鲁普勒 (Morupule)、姆马马布拉 (Mmamabula) 和马贝塞夸 (Mabesekwa) 煤田的埃卡 (Ecca) 等价煤矿床存在于卡鲁超级群的卡拉哈里卡鲁盆地内。只有莫鲁普勒煤已证明其发电潜力；而Mmamabula和Mabesekwa煤炭的利用价值尚未确定。当前的研究呈现了每个煤田三个煤层的岩相特征。研究中使用了反射光显微镜与扫描电子显微镜相结合。分析表明，Morupule 和 Mabesekwa 煤富含惰质组；而Mmamabula煤则富含镜质体。镜质体反射率表明煤阶介于高挥发性烟煤 B 和高挥发性烟煤 A 之间。显微组分和煤相的组成表明了三个研究煤田沉积条件的变化。 Morupule 和 Mabesekwa 煤是通过河流植被输送在陆地贝德蒙特干燥森林沼泽中积累的；而Mmamabula煤则通过冲积植被搬运沉积在湖沼上部平原湿森林沼泽中。除Mmamabula 南部具有反营养条件外，水文条件均为流营养条件。根据岩相成分，来自 Mmamabula East、Mmamabula South、Morupule East Main、Morupule West Main 和 Morupule South 的煤炭适合碳化、气化和液化过程。然而，来自 Mmamabula South、Mabesekwa 煤层 B、Mabesekwa 煤层 C 和 Mabesekwa 煤层 E 的煤炭由于灰分含量高和惰性半熔熔岩含量高，在碳化、气化和液化过程中会遇到一些挑战。