The objective is to comprehensively review novel pharmacotherapies used in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the possibilities they may carry for therapeutic improvement. Specifically, we discuss pathophysiological mechanisms worth targeting in MS, ranging from well known targets, such as autoinflammation and demyelination, to more novel and advanced targets, such as neuroaxonal damage and repair. To set the stage, a brief overview of clinical MS phenotypes is provided, followed by a comprehensive recapitulation of both clinical and paraclinical outcomes available to assess the effectiveness of treatments in achieving these targets. Finally, we discuss various promising novel and emerging treatments, including their respective hypothesized modes of action and currently available evidence from clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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针对多发性硬化症各种表型的病理生理机制的新颖和新兴治疗方法


目的是全面回顾用于多发性硬化症 (MS) 的新型药物疗法及其改善治疗的可能性。具体来说，我们讨论了多发性硬化症中值得靶向的病理生理机制，范围从众所周知的靶标（例如自身炎症和脱髓鞘）到更新颖和更先进的靶标（例如神经轴突损伤和修复）。为了奠定基础，首先对临床 MS 表型进行简要概述，然后对临床和临床旁结果进行全面概括，以评估治疗在实现这些目标方面的有效性。最后，我们讨论了各种有前途的新型和新兴治疗方法，包括它们各自假设的作用模式和目前临床试验中可用的证据。