Soil microbiomes play a pivotal role in shaping plant health and their ability to suppress the pathogens. However, the specific microbial features that confer disease suppression in agricultural soils have remained unknown. In this study, we aim to elucidate the mechanistic roles of soil key bacteria contributing to disease suppression in banana Panama disease by using a comprehensive soil survey focusing on suppressive, and conducive soils. Through an initial field survey across twelve paired locations, we identified five fields with significantly lower pathogen abundances compared to their co-located counterparts. Subsequent greenhouse experiments validated the disease-suppressive nature of soils collected from Jianfeng (JF) and Lingao (LG), both exhibiting low pathogen densities. Furthermore, four OTUs classified as Massilia (OTU44), Flavisolibacter (OTU396), Brevundimonas (OTU632) and Pseudomonas (OTU731), respectively, were identified as key players in suppressing pathogen invasion as they were significantly enriched in suppresive groups and pathogen inoculated treatments. The present results might suggest a vital link between these soil bacteria and pathogen inhibition in banana rhizosphere via a greenhouse experiment. The abundance of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, which was responsible for antibiotic synthesis and significantly enriched in the banana rhizosphere after beneficial microorganism inoculation, displayed a significant and negative correlation with pathogen abundance while a positive correlation with relative abundance of Pseudomonas. This result suggests that the up-regulation of NRPS genes may play a key role in bolstering banana plant immunity. These findings not only provide promising biocontrol strategies but also offer valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between soil microbiomes and plant physiology, paving the way for sustainable agriculture and disease management.

土壤微生物组在塑造植物健康及其抑制病原体的能力方面发挥着关键作用。然而，在农业土壤中抑制疾病的具体微生物特征仍然未知。在这项研究中，我们的目的是通过针对抑制性土壤和有益土壤的综合土壤调查，阐明土壤关键细菌在抑制香蕉巴拿马病中的作用机制。通过对十二个配对地点的初步实地调查，我们确定了五个田地的病原体丰度明显低于同一地点的对应地点。随后的温室实验验证了从尖峰（JF）和临高（LG）收集的土壤的抑制疾病的性质，这两个土壤都表现出低病原体密度。此外，分别被分类为 Massilia (OTU44)、Flavisolibacter (OTU396)、Brevundimonas (OTU632) 和 Pseudomonas (OTU731) 的四种 OTU 被确定为抑制病原体入侵的关键角色，因为它们在抑制组和病原体接种治疗中显着富集。目前的结果可能表明，通过温室实验，这些土壤细菌与香蕉根际病原体抑制之间存在重要联系。非核糖体肽合成酶（NRPS）基因负责抗生素合成，在接种有益微生物后在香蕉根际显着富集，其丰度与病原体丰度呈显着负相关，与假单胞菌相对丰度呈正相关。这一结果表明 NRPS 基因的上调可能在增强香蕉植物免疫力方面发挥关键作用。 这些发现不仅提供了有前途的生物防治策略，而且还为土壤微生物组和植物生理学之间的动态关系提供了宝贵的见解，为可持续农业和疾病管理铺平了道路。