Abstract. Access to mountainous regions for monitoring streamflow, snow and glaciers is often difficult, and many rivers are thus not gauged and hydrological measurements are limited. Consequently, cold-region watersheds, particularly heavily glacierized ones, are poorly represented in large-sample hydrology (LSH) datasets. We present a new LSH dataset for Iceland, termed LamaH-Ice (LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Iceland). Glaciers and ice caps cover about 10 % of Iceland and, while streamflow has been measured for several decades, these measurements have not previously been published in a consistent manner. The dataset provides daily and hourly hydrometeorological time series and catchment characteristics for 107 river basins in Iceland, covering an area of almost 46 000 km2 (45 % of Iceland's area), with catchment sizes ranging from 4 to 7500 km2. LamaH-Ice conforms to the structure of existing LSH datasets and includes most variables contained in these datasets as well as additional information relevant to cold-region hydrology, e.g., time series of snow cover, glacier mass balance and albedo. LamaH-Ice also includes dynamic catchment characteristics to account for changes in land cover, vegetation and glacier extent. A large majority of the watersheds in LamaH-Ice are not subject to human activities, such as diversions and flow regulations. Streamflow measurements under natural flow conditions are highly valuable to hydrologists seeking to model and comprehend the natural hydrological cycle or estimate climate change trends. The LamaH-Ice dataset (Helgason and Nijssen, 2024) is intended for the research community to improve the understanding of hydrology in cold-region environments. LamaH-Ice is publicly available on HydroShare at https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.86117a5f36cc4b7c90a5d54e18161c91 (Helgason and Nijssen, 2024).

中文翻译：

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LamaH-Ice：冰岛水文和环境科学大样本数据


摘要。进入山区监测水流、积雪和冰川往往很困难，因此许多河流没有进行测量，水文测量也受到限制。因此，寒冷地区的流域，特别是严重冰川化的流域，在大样本水文学（LSH）数据集中的代表性很差。我们为冰岛提供了一个新的 LSH 数据集，称为 LamaH-Ice（冰岛水文学和环境科学的大型样本数据）。冰川和冰盖覆盖了冰岛约 10% 的面积，虽然几十年来一直在测量水流，但这些测量结果此前并未以一致的方式发布。该数据集提供了冰岛 107 个河流流域的每日和每小时水文气象时间序列和流域特征，覆盖面积近 46000 平方公里（冰岛面积的 45%），流域面积从 4 到 7500 平方公里不等。 LamaH-Ice符合现有LSH数据集的结构，包含这些数据集中包含的大部分变量以及与寒区水文相关的附加信息，例如积雪时间序列、冰川质量平衡和反照率。 LamaH-Ice 还包括动态流域特征，以解释土地覆盖、植被和冰川范围的变化。 LamaH-Ice 的大部分流域不受人类活动的影响，例如改道和流量调节。自然流量条件下的水流测量对于寻求建模和理解自然水文循环或估计气候变化趋势的水文学家来说非常有价值。 LamaH-Ice 数据集（Helgason 和 Nijssen，2024）旨在供研究界提高对寒冷地区环境水文学的了解。 LamaH-Ice 可在 HydroShare 上公开获取，网址为 https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.86117a5f36cc4b7c90a5d54e18161c91（Helgason 和 Nijssen，2024）。