Fossil fuel-based products should be replaced by products derived from modern biomass such as plant starch, in the context of the future circular economy. Starch production globally surpasses 50 million tons annually, predominantly sourced from maize, rice, and potatoes. Here, we review plant starch with an emphasis on structure and properties, extraction, modification, and green applications. Modification techniques comprise physical, enzymatic, and genetic methods. Applications include stabilization of food, replacement of meat, three-dimensional food printing, prebiotics, encapsulation, bioplastics, edible films, textiles, and wood adhesives. Starch from maize, potatoes, and cassava shows amylose content ranging from 20 to 30% in regular varieties to 70% in high-amylose varieties. Extraction by traditional wet milling achieves starch purity up to 99.5%, while enzymatic methods maintain higher structural integrity, which is crucial for pharmaceutical applications. Enzymatic extraction improves starch yield by of up to 20%, reduces energy consumption by about 30%, and lowers wastewater production by up to 50%, compared to conventional methods. Sustainable starch modification can reduce the carbon footprint of starch production by up to 40%. Modified starches contribute to approximately 70% of the food texturizers market. The market of starch in plant-based meat alternatives has grown by over 30% in the past five years. Similarly, the use of biodegradable starch-based plastics by the bioplastic industry is growing over 20% annually, driven by the demand for sustainable packaging.Kindly check and confirm the layout of Table 1.Layout is right

在未来循环经济的背景下，基于化石燃料的产品应被植物淀粉等现代生物质衍生产品所取代。全球淀粉产量每年超过 5000 万吨，主要来源于玉米、大米和马铃薯。在这里，我们回顾植物淀粉，重点关注结构和性质、提取、改性和绿色应用。修饰技术包括物理、酶促和遗传方法。应用包括食品稳定、肉类替代品、三维食品印刷、益生元、封装、生物塑料、可食用薄膜、纺织品和木材粘合剂。来自玉米、马铃薯和木薯的淀粉的直链淀粉含量范围为普通品种的 20% 至 30%，高直链淀粉品种的直链淀粉含量为 70%。通过传统湿磨提取可实现高达 99.5% 的淀粉纯度，而酶法可保持更高的结构完整性，这对于制药应用至关重要。与传统方法相比，酶法提取可将淀粉产量提高高达 20%，降低能源消耗约 30%，并将废水产生量降低高达 50%。可持续淀粉改性可将淀粉生产的碳足迹减少高达 40%。改性淀粉约占食品增质剂市场的 70%。植物性肉类替代品中的淀粉市场在过去 5 年增长了 30% 以上。同样，在可持续包装需求的推动下，生物塑料行业对可生物降解淀粉基塑料的使用每年增长超过 20%。请检查并确认表 1 的布局。布局正确