Survival strategies of human-associated microbes to drug exposure have been mainly studied in the context of bona fide pathogens exposed to antibiotics. Less well understood are the survival strategies of non-pathogenic microbes and host-associated commensal communities to the variety of drugs and xenobiotics to which humans are exposed. The lifestyle of microbial commensals within complex communities offers a variety of ways to adapt to different drug-induced stresses. Here, we review the responses and survival strategies employed by gut commensals when exposed to drugs—antibiotics and non-antibiotics—at the individual and community level. We also discuss the factors influencing the recovery and establishment of a new community structure following drug exposure. These survival strategies are key to the stability and resilience of the gut microbiome, ultimately influencing the overall health and well-being of the host.

中文翻译：

---

肠道细菌对人类靶向药物暴露的反应、耐药性和恢复


人类相关微生物对药物暴露的生存策略主要是在真正的病原体暴露于抗生素的背景下研究的。人们不太了解非病原微生物和宿主相关共生群落对人类接触的各种药物和外源性物质的生存策略。复杂群落内微生物共生体的生活方式提供了多种方式来适应不同的药物引起的应激。在这里，我们回顾了肠道共生体在个体和社区层面接触药物（抗生素和非抗生素）时所采取的反应和生存策略。我们还讨论了影响药物暴露后恢复和新群落结构建立的因素。这些生存策略是肠道微生物组稳定性和恢复力的关键，最终影响宿主的整体健康和福祉。