Malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites, drives multiple regulatory responses across the immune landscape. These regulatory responses help to protect against inflammatory disease but may in some situations hamper the acquisition of adaptive immune responses that clear parasites. In addition, the regulatory responses that occur during Plasmodium infection may negatively affect malaria vaccine efficacy in the most at-risk populations. Here, we discuss the specific cellular mechanisms of immunoregulatory networks that develop during malaria, with a focus on knowledge gained from human studies and studies that involve the main malaria parasite to affect humans, Plasmodium falciparum. Leveraging this knowledge may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to increase protective immunity to malaria during infection or after vaccination.

疟疾是由疟原虫寄生虫感染引起的，会在整个免疫系统中引发多种调节反应。这些调节反应有助于预防炎症性疾病，但在某些情况下可能会阻碍获得清除寄生虫的适应性免疫反应。此外，疟原虫感染期间发生的监管反应可能会对高危人群中的疟疾疫苗功效产生负面影响。在这里，我们讨论疟疾期间形成的免疫调节网络的特定细胞机制，重点是从人类研究和涉及影响人类的主要疟原虫恶性疟原虫的研究中获得的知识。利用这些知识可能会导致开发新的治疗方法，以增强感染期间或疫苗接种后对疟疾的保护性免疫力。