Background

The spread of introduced species necessitates effective management strategies. However, the current methods have proven ineffective, thus calling for alternative solutions.

Objective

In this study, we investigated the impact of yeast vacuoles on Daphnia as a potential agent for managing adult organisms, focusing on morphological analysis, cellular damage assessment, reproductive outcomes, birthing duration, and molting behaviors. By evaluating the ecological impact of vacuoles isolated from yeast, a beneficial microorganism, we discovered a new function of vacuoles as versatile nanomaterials.

Results

Although vacuoles have been extensively studied in various fields, their effects on aquatic ecosystems are not fully understood. Our findings revealed a significant influence of vacuoles on the ecology of Daphnia. The morphological characteristics of yeast vacuoles were revealed by FE-SEM and NTA analysis. Treating vacuoles and vacuolar enzymes to Daphnia resulted in observable internal damage, as evidenced by increased red fluorescence indicative of cell death. Higher concentrations of vacuoles correlated with decreased green fluorescence, suggesting greater internal damage. Furthermore, Daphnia treated with vacuoles exhibited different birth rates and birthing duration. Additionally, increasing vacuole concentrations correlated with increased foreign materials on Daphnia shells after molting, suggesting external adherence of vacuoles.

Conclusion

In summary, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of toxicology and microbial ecology by revealing the influence of yeast vacuoles on Daphnia physiology and behavior. It also informs environmental management and conservation strategies in aquatic ecosystems and demonstrates the potential of vacuoles as useful agents in controlling harmful fish populations.

中文翻译：

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揭示酵母液泡对水蚤的毒理学影响

 背景

引进物种的传播需要有效的管理策略。然而，目前的方法已被证明无效，因此需要替代解决方案。

 客观的

在这项研究中，我们研究了酵母液泡作为管理成年生物体的潜在媒介对水蚤的影响，重点关注形态分析、细胞损伤评估、繁殖结果、分娩持续时间和蜕皮行为。通过评估从酵母（一种有益微生物）中分离出的液泡的生态影响，我们发现了液泡作为多功能纳米材料的新功能。

 结果

尽管液泡已在各个领域得到广泛研究，但它们对水生生态系统的影响尚未完全了解。我们的研究结果揭示了液泡对水蚤生态的显着影响。通过FE-SEM和NTA分析揭示了酵母液泡的形态特征。对水蚤处理液泡和液泡酶会导致可观察到的内部损伤，这可以通过指示细胞死亡的红色荧光增加来证明。较高浓度的液泡与绿色荧光减少相关，表明内部损伤更大。此外，用液泡处理的水蚤表现出不同的出生率和出生持续时间。此外，液泡浓度的增加与蜕皮后水蚤壳上异物的增加相关，表明液泡的外部粘附。

 结论

总之，本研究通过揭示酵母液泡对水蚤生理和行为的影响，提供了对毒理学和微生物生态学的全面了解。它还为水生生态系统的环境管理和保护战略提供了信息，并展示了液泡作为控制有害鱼类种群的有用媒介的潜力。