Mo_4/3B_2–x nanosheets are newly developed, and 2D transition metal borides (MBene) were reported in 2021, but there is no report on their further applications and modification; hence, this article sheds light on the significance of potential biological prospects for future biomedical applications. Therefore, elucidation of the biocompatibility, biotoxicology, and bioactivity of Mo_4/3B_2–x nanosheets has been an urgent need to be fulfilled. Nanometabolomics (also referred as nanomaterials-based metabolomics) was first proposed and utilized in our previous work, which specialized in interpreting nanomaterials-induced metabolic reprogramming through aqueous metabolomics and lipidomics approach. Hence, nanometabolomics could be considered as a novel concept combining nanoscience and metabolomics to provide bioinformation on nanomaterials’ biomedical applications. In this work, the safe range of concentration (<50 mg/L) with good biosafety toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was discovered. The low concentration (5 mg/L) and high concentration (50 mg/L) of Mo_4/3B_2–x nanosheets were utilized for the in vitro Mo_4/3B_2–x-cell interaction. Nanometabolomics has elucidated the biological prospective of Mo_4/3B_2–x nanosheets via monitoring its biocompatibility and metabolic shift of HUVECs. The results revealed that 50 mg/L Mo_4/3B_2–x nanosheets could lead to a stronger alteration of amino acid metabolism with disturbance of the corresponding amino acid-related pathways (including amino acid metabolism, amino acid degradation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid biosynthesis and metabolism). These interesting results were closely involved with the oxidative stress and production of excess ROS. This work could be regarded as a pathbreaking study on Mo_4/3B_2–x nanosheets at a biological level, which also designates their further biochemical, medical, and industrial application and development based on nanometabolomics bioinformation.

中文翻译：

---

纳米代谢组学阐明了 Mo4/3B2–x 纳米片的生物学前景：面向氨基酸代谢的代谢重编程


新开发出Mo _4/3 B _2–x 纳米片，2021年报道了二维过渡金属硼化物（MBene），但尚未见其进一步应用和改性的报道；因此，本文阐明了潜在生物学前景对未来生物医学应用的重要性。因此，阐明Mo _4/3 B _2–x 纳米片的生物相容性、生物毒理学和生物活性已成为迫切需要解决的问题。纳米代谢组学（也称为基于纳米材料的代谢组学）是在我们之前的工作中首次提出和利用的，专门通过水代谢组学和脂质组学方法解释纳米材料诱导的代谢重编程。因此，纳米代谢组学可以被视为结合纳米科学和代谢组学的新概念，以提供纳米材料生物医学应用的生物信息。本工作发现了对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）具有良好生物安全性的安全浓度范围（<50 mg/L）。低浓度（5 mg/L）和高浓度（50 mg/L）Mo _4/3 B _2–x 纳米片用于体外 Mo _4/3 B _2–x -细胞相互作用。纳米代谢组学通过监测 Mo _4/3 B _2–x 纳米片的生物相容性和 HUVEC 的代谢变化阐明了 Mo _4/3 B _2–x 纳米片的生物学前景。结果表明，50 mg/L Mo _4/3 B _2–x 纳米片可导致氨基酸代谢发生更强的改变，并扰乱相应的氨基酸相关途径（包括氨基酸代谢） 、氨基酸降解、脂肪酸生物合成、脂质生物合成和代谢）。 这些有趣的结果与氧化应激和过量活性氧的产生密切相关。该工作堪称Mo _4/3 B _2–x 纳米片在生物水平上的开创性研究，也预示着其基于纳米代谢组学生物信息的进一步生化、医学和工业应用与发展。