There is relative agreement among many prehistorians that surpluses were an essential factor in the creation of socioeconomic inequalities and that storage was often an important aspect of surplus accumulation per Testart (Les chasseurs-cueilleurs ou l’origine des inégalités 1982a), Testart (Current Anthropology, 23, 523–537, 1982b). However, there is little agreement concerning the existence of large-scale kills, storage, surpluses, or inequalities in the deeply incised river valleys of the Southwestern French Upper Paleolithic. We present observations from a number of studies indicating that there were likely large-scale reindeer kills with substantial amounts of meat being filleted, dried, and stored, as well as indications of surpluses that could have resulted in inequalities. We rely on ethnographic observations among the Inuit concerning hunting, butchering, and filleting of meat for drying, as well as on ethnographic patterns of storage, taphonomic observations about bone discard of these activities, the importance of cut marks, and the behavior of reindeer. A critical distinction is made between the treatment of bones from individually killed animals versus the treatment of bones from large-scale kills. We also consider the implications for storage and surpluses of logistical hunting/gathering patterns, relative sedentism, and skeletal indications of heavy reliance on stored meat. On balance, we conclude that these indications favor the existence of mass kills, storage, and surpluses in certain areas of Southwestern France in the Upper Paleolithic.

许多史前学家相对一致认为，剩余是造成社会经济不平等的一个重要因素，而储存往往是剩余积累的一个重要方面，《Testart》（Les chasseurs-cueilleurs ou l'origine des inégalités 1982a），《Testart》（当代人类学） , 23, 523–537, 1982b)。然而，对于法国西南部旧石器时代晚期深切河谷中是否存在大规模捕杀、储存、过剩或不平等现象，人们几乎没有达成一致意见。我们提出了多项研究的观察结果，表明可能存在大规模驯鹿捕杀，大量驯鹿肉被切片、干燥和储存，并且有迹象表明驯鹿过剩可能导致不平等。我们依靠因纽特人对狩猎、屠宰和切片干燥肉的人种学观察，以及储存的人种学模式、对这些活动的骨头丢弃的埋藏学观察、切割痕迹的重要性以及驯鹿的行为。单独宰杀动物骨头的处理与大规模宰杀动物骨头的处理之间有一个重要区别。我们还考虑了后勤狩猎/采集模式的储存和过剩、相对久坐以及严重依赖储存肉类的骨骼迹象的影响。总而言之，我们得出的结论是，这些迹象表明旧石器时代晚期法国西南部某些地区存在大规模杀戮、储存和剩余。