A dual-functional biowaste-derived biochar-supported MIL-100(Fe) catalyst functionalized with p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) was developed via a facile in-situ coprecipitation and pyrolysis technique and applied for microwave-assisted biodiesel production and solar-light driven degradation of metronidazole (MTZ) from an aqueous stream. Esterification of oleic acid to methyl oleate (FAME) using the p-TSA-MIL-100@SBC catalyst under microwave irradiation resulted in 97.54% conversion efficiency at optimum reaction conditions of 1:20 (mmol) oleic acid to methanol ratio, 7 wt% catalyst loading and 70 °C within 50 min. The results were corroborated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The catalyst was reusable up to 4 successive esterification cycles with a retention of 89% efficiency. Furthermore, the as-synthesized p-TSA-MIL-100@SBC catalyst demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 30 mg/L MTZ, an emerging antibiotic and antiprotozoal pharmaceutical pollutant, with a remarkable efficiency of 97.8% in 150 min of solar irradiation. The catalyst also showed significant degradation of several other emerging organic dyes and pharmaceutical pollutants with more than 70% efficiency. The present research highlights the dual functional role of a sulfonated MOF@biochar composite material and renders the prepared p-TSA-MIL-100@SBC catalyst as a potential candidate for application in the fields of both energy production and environmental remediation.

通过简单的原位共沉淀和热解技术开发了一种对甲苯磺酸（p-TSA）功能化的双功能生物垃圾衍生的生物炭负载的MIL-100（Fe）催化剂，并应用于微波辅助生物柴油生产和太阳能-水流中甲硝唑（MTZ）的光驱动降解。在微波辐射下，使用 p-TSA-MIL-100@SBC 催化剂将油酸酯化为油酸甲酯 (FAME)，在油酸与甲醇比例为 1:20（mmol）、7 wt 的最佳反应条件下，转化效率为 97.54% % 催化剂负载量和 50 分钟内达到 70°C。结果通过核磁共振（NMR）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析得到证实。该催化剂可重复使用长达 4 个连续的酯化循环，效率保持在 89%。此外，合成的 p-TSA-MIL-100@SBC 催化剂对降解 30 mg/L MTZ（一种新兴的抗生素和抗原虫药物污染物）表现出优异的光催化活性，在 150 分钟的太阳能照射下，效率高达 97.8%辐照。该催化剂还显示出对其他几种新兴有机染料和药物污染物的显着降解，效率超过 70%。本研究强调了磺化MOF@生物炭复合材料的双重功能作用，并使制备的p-TSA-MIL-100@SBC催化剂成为能源生产和环境修复领域应用的潜在候选者。