Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing agro-food industries in the world and Asia dominates the world's fish production (70% of total) with a high potential to ensure global food security. The leading aquaculture fish species in Asia show sexual dimorphism for traits such as growth, age at sexual maturity etc. in which one sex outperforms the other, increasing the need for controlling sex-ratio in the farming system. Despite the huge contribution of Asian aquaculture to global fish production, the Asian aquaculture is facing a lot of challenges, for example, maintaining the genetic purity of the fish species and balancing the sex-ratio in the culture system. Many of these difficulties arise due to a lack of deep understanding of fish genetics, or to the duplicated genome of cultured species, or to the unavailability of high-quality reference genomes and information on sex determination mechanisms (crucial for monosex production and establishing appropriate breeding programme). This review has described the existing knowledge of the sex determination mechanisms in fish and genome architecture of four commercially important fish groups in Asia (carps, tilapias, catfishes and snakeheads). We also have outlined possible strategies for identifying sex-determining gene/s using modern genome sequencing and computational technologies. Finally, we have highlighted the existing challenges and future prospects of Asian aquaculture. We anticipate that developments in genome sequencing technologies will help to address the biological complexities and challenges that exist in commercial aquaculture and will be of value for the future growth of the aquaculture industry in Asia.

中文翻译：

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亚洲具有重要商业价值的鱼类的基因组结构和性染色体系统——现状、知识差距和未来前景


水产养殖是世界上增长最快的农产品产业之一，亚洲在世界鱼类产量中占主导地位（占总量的70%），具有确保全球粮食安全的巨大潜力。亚洲主要水产养殖鱼类在生长、性成熟年龄等性状方面表现出性别二态性，其中一种性别优于另一种性别，增加了在养殖系统中控制性别比例的必要性。尽管亚洲水产养殖对全球鱼类生产做出了巨大贡献，但亚洲水产养殖也面临着许多挑战，例如保持鱼类遗传纯度和平衡养殖系统中的性别比例。其中许多困难的出现是由于缺乏对鱼类遗传学的深入了解，或养殖物种的基因组重复，或缺乏高质量的参考基因组和性别决定机制的信息（对于单性生产和建立适当的育种至关重要）程序）。这篇综述描述了鱼类性别决定机制的现有知识以及亚洲四个具有重要商业价值的鱼类群体（鲤鱼、罗非鱼、鲶鱼和黑鱼）的基因组结构。我们还概述了使用现代基因组测序和计算技术识别性别决定基因的可能策略。最后，我们强调了亚洲水产养殖现有的挑战和未来的前景。我们预计，基因组测序技术的发展将有助于解决商业水产养殖中存在的生物复杂性和挑战，并对亚洲水产养殖业的未来增长有价值。