Extracellular matrix proteins play crucial roles in the formation of mineralized tissues like bone and teeth via multifunctional mechanisms. In tooth enamel, ameloblastin (Ambn) is one such multifunctional extracellular matrix protein implicated in cell signaling and polarity, cell adhesion to the developing enamel matrix, and stabilization of prismatic enamel morphology. To provide a perspective for Ambn structure and function, we begin this review by describing dental enamel and enamel formation (amelogenesis) followed by a description of enamel extracellular matrix. We then summarize the established domains and motifs in Ambn protein, human cases, and genetically engineered mouse models involving mutated or null We subsequently delineate , and evidence for the amphipathic helix in Ambn as a proposed cell-matrix adhesive and then more recent evidence for the multitargeting domain as the basis for dynamic interactions of Ambn with itself, amelogenin, and membranes. The multitargeting domain facilitates tuning between Ambn-membrane interactions and self/co-assembly and supports a likely overall role for Ambn as a matricellular protein. We anticipate that this review will enhance the understanding of multifunctional matrix proteins by consolidating diverse mechanisms through which Ambn contributes to enamel extracellular matrix mineralization.

中文翻译：

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成釉细胞蛋白及其在釉质形成中的多功能性：综述


细胞外基质蛋白通过多功能机制在骨和牙齿等矿化组织的形成中发挥着至关重要的作用。在牙釉质中，成釉细胞 (Ambn) 是一种多功能细胞外基质蛋白，与细胞信号传导和极性、细胞对正在发育的牙釉质基质的粘附以及棱柱牙釉质形态的稳定有关。为了提供 Ambn 结构和功能的视角，我们首先描述牙釉质和牙釉质形成（釉质生成），然后描述牙釉质细胞外基质。然后，我们总结了 Ambn 蛋白、人类病例和涉及突变或无效的基因工程小鼠模型中已建立的结构域和基序。我们随后描述了 Ambn 中两亲螺旋作为拟议的细胞基质粘合剂的证据，然后是有关多靶点结构域作为 Ambn 与其自身、釉原蛋白和膜动态相互作用的基础。多靶点结构域有利于 Ambn-膜相互作用和自组装/共组装之间的调节，并支持 Ambn 作为基质细胞蛋白的可能的整体作用。我们预计这篇综述将通过巩固 Ambn 促进牙釉质细胞外基质矿化的不同机制来增强对多功能基质蛋白的理解。