Theories of psychopathy development traditionally emphasize that individuals high in psychopathy experience diminished internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety and depression). However, many studies find null or even positive relationships between psychopathy and internalizing. The current meta-analysis therefore aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of heterogeneity in psychopathy-anxiety/depression relationships by examining measurement and sample-related variables that may moderate these associations (e.g., psychopathy subdimensions assessed, different measures/operationalizations of psychopathy and anxiety/depression, and demographic characteristics). Results suggest that psychopathy demonstrates a small, positive overall association with anxiety/depression ( = 0.09), which may indicate that psychopathy is unrelated to subjective experiences of anxiety and sadness, but results could also reflect that varying psychopathy and anxiety/depression assessment practices contribute to heterogeneity in psychopathy-anxiety/depression associations. Most notably, results indicate that associations vary substantially across different measures/operationalizations of psychopathy, even when controlling for sample type and informant. Some psychopathy scales could therefore inadvertently capture anxiety/depression symptoms or broader psychopathology in addition to psychopathic traits. Findings from the current meta-analysis can inform future efforts to understand how measurement-related considerations influence relationships between psychopathy and anxiety/depression.

中文翻译：

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精神病测量实践中度精神病与焦虑和抑郁的关联：一项全面的荟萃分析


传统上，精神病发展理论强调，精神病水平高的个体经历的内化症状（例如，焦虑和抑郁）减少。然而，许多研究发现精神病和内化之间存在零甚至正的关系。因此，目前的荟萃分析旨在通过检查可能调节这些关联的测量和样本相关变量（例如，评估的精神病子维度、精神病和焦虑/抑郁的不同测量/操作化，以及人口统计学特征），全面了解精神病-焦虑/抑郁关系的异质性。结果表明，精神病与焦虑/抑郁总体上表现出较小的正相关 （ = 0.09），这可能表明精神病与焦虑和悲伤的主观体验无关，但结果也可能反映出不同的精神病和焦虑/抑郁评估实践有助于精神病-焦虑/抑郁关联的异质性。最值得注意的是，结果表明，即使在控制样本类型和线人的情况下，精神病的不同测量/操作化的关联也存在很大差异。因此，除了精神病特征之外，一些精神病量表可能会无意中捕捉焦虑/抑郁症状或更广泛的精神病理学。当前荟萃分析的结果可以为未来的工作提供信息，以了解与测量相关的考虑因素如何影响精神病与焦虑/抑郁之间的关系。