Changes in transportation ridership during COVID-19 indicate several important factors, including the need to serve changing spatial and temporal patterns of travel demand, and the equity implications of pandemic impacts across lines of race, age, and income. Various papers have sought to understand changes in transportation ridership during the pandemic, but have been focused solely on a single mode (often public transit), and have been limited to a single data source for analysis. This paper examines and compares the changes in public transit and ride-hailing ridership in Chicago during the COVID-19 pandemic, investigating ‘who’ stopped using transit and Transportation Network Company (TNC) services from a demographic perspective, how remote work relates to changes in transit use, how pandemic ridership changes are clustered in space, and what factors will impact a return to regular travel. Analysis integrates datasets spanning over a year of the pandemic, including aggregate spatial ridership counts that are used to form spatial regression models, and a six-month panel survey that received input from approximately 1,000 Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) riders. Continued transit use is correlated with areas with a greater percentage of African American and Spanish-speaking people, and with a greater percentage of pre-pandemic bus riders and off-peak riders, while peak-period, frequent, and rail system riders stopped using transit to the greatest extent. Areas with a higher share of young, college-educated people, and those with a high walkability metric, generally saw the greatest decreases in TNC use, reflecting a potential loss of trips for those who used TNCs to access social events or employment, and moved to virtual work during COVID-19. Our findings can help to guide transportation service providers and policy-makers in planning service for public safety and a changing demand profile, advancing equity of access to mobility, and anticipating long-term mobility patterns.

中文翻译：

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通过统计和调查方法了解和比较 COVID-19 期间芝加哥的公共交通和网约车客流量变化


COVID-19 期间交通运输客流量的变化表明了几个重要因素，包括满足不断变化的旅行需求的空间和时间模式的需要，以及流行病对不同种族、年龄和收入的影响的公平影响。各种论文试图了解大流行期间交通乘客量的变化，但仅关注单一模式（通常是公共交通），并且仅限于单一数据源进行分析。本文研究并比较了 COVID-19 大流行期间芝加哥公共交通和网约车乘客量的变化，从人口统计角度调查了“谁”停止使用交通和运输网络公司 (TNC) 服务，以及远程工作与变化的关系在交通使用方面，大流行病乘客量变化如何在空间中聚集，以及哪些因素将影响正常旅行的恢复。分析整合了疫情期间一年多的数据集，包括用于形成空间回归模型的空间乘客总数，以及一项为期六个月的小组调查，该调查收到了大约 1,000 名芝加哥交通管理局 (CTA) 乘客的意见。持续使用公共交通与非裔美国人和西班牙语人口比例较高的地区以及疫情前公交车乘客和非高峰乘客比例较高相关，而高峰期、频繁班次和铁路系统乘客停止使用公共交通最大程度地过境。受过大学教育的年轻人比例较高的地区以及步行适宜性指标较高的地区，跨国公司的使用量普遍下降幅度最大，这反映出那些使用跨国公司参加社交活动或就业以及搬家的人的出行可能会减少。在 COVID-19 期间进行虚拟工作。 我们的研究结果可以帮助指导交通服务提供商和政策制定者规划公共安全服务和不断变化的需求状况，促进流动性的公平性，并预测长期流动模式。