In recent years, the rapid development of information technology represented by the new generation of artificial intelligence has brought unprecedented impacts, challenges, and opportunities to the transformation of the manufacturing industry and the evolution of manufacturing models. In the past decade, a variety of new manufacturing systems and models have been proposed, with cloud manufacturing being one such representative manufacturing system. In this study, the overall research progress and existing key scientific issues in cloud manufacturing are analyzed. Combining with current cloud–edge collaboration, digital twin, edge computing, and other technologies, a deeply integrated human–machine–object manufacturing system based on cloud–edge collaboration is proposed. We call it cloud-edge collaborative manufacturing (CeCM). The similarities and differences between cloud-edge collaborative manufacturing with cloud manufacturing are analyzed from the system architecture level. The cloud-edge collaborative manufacturing is divided into three major spaces, including a physical reality space, a virtual resource space, and a cloud service space. Based on the above division, a five-layer architecture for cloud-edge collaborative manufacturing is proposed, including a manufacturing resource perception layer, an edge application service layer, a cloud–edge collaboration layer, a cloud–edge service layer, and a cloud–edge application layer. All the layers build a manufacturing system that deeply integrates manufacturing resources, computer systems, and humans, machines, and objects. Its overall system operation process is explained based on the above architecture design, and its 12 types of collaboration features of cloud–edge collaborative manufacturing are explained. In this paper, we also summarize 5 categories of key technology systems for cloud-edge collaborative manufacturing and 21 supporting key technologies. Under the framework of the above, a cloud–edge collaborative manufacturing for 3D printing was developed, and an application scenario for the petroleum equipment field was constructed. In a word, we believe the cloud-edge collaborative manufacturing will offer a new opportunity for the development of manufacturing network, digitalization and intelligence, providing a new technical path for the evolution of cloud manufacturing model and further promoting precision manufacturing services anytime, anywhere, and on demand.

中文翻译：

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从云制造到云边协同制造


近年来，以新一代人工智能为代表的信息技术快速发展，给制造业转型和制造模式演进带来前所未有的影响、挑战和机遇。近十年来，各种新的制造系统和模式被提出，云制造就是其中具有代表性的制造系统之一。本研究对云制造的总体研究进展和存在的关键科学问题进行了分析。结合当前云边协同、数字孪生、边缘计算等技术，提出一种基于云边协同的人机物深度融合制造系统。我们称之为云边协同制造（CeCM）。从系统架构层面分析云边协同制造与云制造的异同。云边协同制造分为物理现实空间、虚拟资源空间、云服务空间三大空间。在此基础上，提出了云边协同制造五层架构，包括制造资源感知层、边缘应用服务层、云边协同层、云边服务层、云端–边缘应用层。所有层构建了一个深度集成制造资源、计算机系统以及人、机器和物体的制造系统。基于上述架构设计，阐述了其整体系统运行流程，并阐述了其云边协同制造的12类协同特征。 本文还总结了云边协同制造的5类关键技术体系和21项支撑关键技术。在此框架下，开发了3D打印云边协同制造，构建了石油装备领域的应用场景。总之，我们相信云边协同制造将为制造网络化、数字化、智能化的发展提供新的机遇，为云制造模式的演进提供新的技术路径，进一步推动随时随地的精密制造服务，并按需提供。