Purpose of Review

The spatial forest planning concept has evolved as an essential component of the forest management planning process. The development of both exact and heuristic modeling techniques as analytical solution techniques have seen significant progress in application to spatial forest planning over the last two decades. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive review of the current state of spatial forest planning in both scope and depth, focusing on different approaches and techniques used, the challenges faced, and the potential future developments. For that purpose, we conduct a world-wide literature review and an extensive analysis of the status and trends over the past two decades in spatial forest planning.

Recent Findings

The literature review indicates that recent advancements have led to the development of new algorithms/formulations for addressing spatial constraints in forest planning with exact solution techniques. Nevertheless, it highlights further that heuristic techniques are still widely used, especially in large real-world problems that encompass multiple ecosystem services and constraints. Besides the provisioning services, there has been a noticeable increase in the proportion of regulating, supporting and cultural services addressed in objective functions of forest management planning models. Adjacency/green-up relationships, opening size, core area, wildlife habitat and the spatial arrangement of fuel treatments have been considered as indicators to address the provision of these services and spatial forest problem.

Summary

We pinpoint persistent challenges to using exact modeling techniques to address large real problems with multiple ecosystems services. We highlight further that determining the optimal combination and values of heuristic parameters and assessing the quality of heuristic solutions remains a central challenge. Finally, we highlight the potential of artificial intelligence to overcome computational obstacles to the application of both exact and heuristic techniques to spatially explicit forest management planning.

中文翻译：

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空间森林规划的最新回顾：方法、技术、挑战和未来方向

 审查目的

空间森林规划概念已发展成为森林管理规划过程的重要组成部分。过去二十年来，精确建模技术和启发式建模技术作为分析解决方案技术的发展在空间森林规划的应用中取得了重大进展。本文旨在从范围和深度上全面回顾空间森林规划的现状，重点关注所使用的不同方法和技术、面临的挑战以及未来的潜在发展。为此，我们对世界范围内的文献进行了回顾，并对过去二十年空间森林规划的现状和趋势进行了广泛的分析。

 最近的发现

文献综述表明，最近的进展导致了新算法/公式的开发，用于通过精确求解技术解决森林规划中的空间约束。尽管如此，它进一步强调启发式技术仍然被广泛使用，特别是在包含多种生态系统服务和约束的大型现实问题中。除供给服务外，森林经营规划模型目标函数中涉及的调节服务、支持服务和文化服务的比例也显着增加。邻近/绿化关系、开放规模、核心区域、野生动物栖息地和燃料处理的空间安排已被视为解决这些服务的提供和空间森林问题的指标。

 概括

我们指出了使用精确建模技术来解决多个生态系统服务的大型实际问题所面临的持续挑战。我们进一步强调，确定启发式参数的最佳组合和值以及评估启发式解决方案的质量仍然是一个核心挑战。最后，我们强调人工智能在克服精确和启发式技术在空间明确的森林管理规划中应用的计算障碍方面的潜力。