Electromagnetics (EM)-based optimization techniques have always been a major interest in the microwave research community due to their vital role in the design and development of microwave circuits and systems. Achieving the desired specifications in terms of S-parameters over different frequency bands is one of the critical steps in the microwave circuit and system design and development process [1] . An optimal design can be accomplished by using an optimization algorithm. Such an optimizer is set to iteratively find the optimized design with respect to predefined specifications starting from an initial design stage by invoking an EM simulator each time for evaluating the design evolution and optimization feasibility. This iterative approach takes an exceptionally long time, as many EM simulations are generally required for different sets of combinatory geometrical parameters during the optimization process [2] .

中文翻译：

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基于电磁学的微波电路设计优化综述


基于电磁学 (EM) 的优化技术一直是微波研究界的主要兴趣，因为它们在微波电路和系统的设计和开发中发挥着至关重要的作用。在不同频段上实现所需的 S 参数规格是微波电路和系统设计和开发过程中的关键步骤之一 [1]。可以通过使用优化算法来完成优化设计。这样的优化器被设置为从初始设计阶段开始，通过每次调用电磁模拟器来评估设计演变和优化可行性，迭代地找到关于预定义规范的优化设计。这种迭代方法需要非常长的时间，因为在优化过程中通常需要对不同的组合几何参数集进行多次电磁仿真 [2]。