Quantifying adhesion is crucial for understanding adhesion mechanisms and developing advanced dopamine-inspired materials and devices. However, achieving nondestructive and real-time quantitation of adhesion using optical spectra remains challenging. Here, we present a dopamine-inspired orthogonal phenanthrenequinone photochemistry strategy for the one-step adhesion and real-time visual quantitation of fluorescent spectra. This strategy utilizes phenanthrenequinone-mediated photochemistry to facilitate conjoined network formation in the adhesive through simultaneous photoclick cycloaddition and free-radical polymerization. The resulting hydrogel-like adhesive exhibits good mechanical performance, with a Young’s modulus of 300 kPa, a toughness of 750 kJ m^–3, and a fracture energy of 4500 J m^–2. This adhesive, along with polycyclic aromatic phenanthrenequinones, shows strong adhesion (>100 kPa) and interfacial toughness thresholds (250 J m^–2) on diverse surfaces─twice to triple as much as typical dopamine-contained adhesives. Importantly, such an adhesive demonstrates excellent fluorescent performance under UV irradiation, closely correlating with its adhesion strengths. Their fluorescence intensities remain constant after continuous stretching/releasing treatment and even in the dried state. Therefore, this dopamine-inspired orthogonal phenanthrenequinone photochemistry is readily available for real-time and nondestructive visual quantitation of adhesion performance under various conditions. Moreover, the adhesive precursor is chemically ultrastable for more than seven months and achieves adhesion on substrates within seconds upon blue light irradiation. As a proof-of-concept, we leverage the rapid and visual quantitation of adhesion and printability to create fluorescent patterns and structures, showcasing applications in information storage, adhesion prediction, and self-reporting properties. This general and straightforward strategy holds promise for rapidly preparing functional adhesive materials and designing high-performance wearable devices.

中文翻译：

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利用正交菲醌光化学对多巴胺激发的荧光粘附进行视觉定量


量化粘附对于理解粘附机制和开发先进的多巴胺材料和设备至关重要。然而，利用光谱实现粘附力的无损实时定量仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们提出了一种受多巴胺启发的正交菲醌光化学策略，用于荧光光谱的一步粘附和实时视觉定量。该策略利用菲醌介导的光化学，通过同时光点击环加成和自由基聚合促进粘合剂中联合网络的形成。所得的水凝胶状粘合剂表现出良好的机械性能，杨氏模量为300 kPa，韧性为750 kJ m ^–3 ，断裂能为4500 J m ^–2 。这种粘合剂与多环芳香族菲醌一起，在不同的表面上表现出强大的粘合力 (>100 kPa) 和界面韧性阈值 (250 J m ^–2 )，是典型的含多巴胺粘合剂的两倍到三倍。重要的是，这种粘合剂在紫外线照射下表现出优异的荧光性能，这与其粘合强度密切相关。在连续拉伸/释放处理后，甚至在干燥状态下，它们的荧光强度保持恒定。因此，这种受多巴胺启发的正交菲醌光化学很容易用于各种条件下粘附性能的实时和无损视觉定量。此外，粘合剂前体的化学超稳定性长达七个月以上，并且在蓝光照射下几秒钟内即可实现在基材上的粘合。 作为概念验证，我们利用粘附力和可印刷性的快速可视化定量来创建荧光图案和结构，展示在信息存储、粘附力预测和自我报告特性方面的应用。这种通用且简单的策略有望快速制备功能性粘合材料和设计高性能可穿戴设备。