For the last two decades, the aromatic aldehyde 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) has been the subject of several investigations for its pharmacologic potential. In 2004, the Safo group reported that 5-HMF has potent antisickling activity by targeting and ameliorating the primary pathophysiology of hypoxia-induced sickling of erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBC]). Following the encouraging outcome of the preclinical and phase I/II clinical studies of 5-HMF for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD), there have been multiple studies suggesting 5-HMF has several other biological or pharmacologic activities, including anti-allergic, antioxidant, anti-hypoxic, anti-ischemic, cognitive improvement, anti-tyrosinase, anti-proliferation, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. The wide range of its effects makes 5-HMF a potential candidate for treating a variety of diseases including cognitive disorders, gout, allergic disorders, anemia, hypoxia, cancers, ischemia, hemorrhagic shock, liver fibrosis, and oxidative injury. Several of these therapeutic claims are currently under investigation and, while promising, vary in terms of the strength of their evidence. This review presents the research regarding the therapeutic potential of 5-HMF in addition to its sources, physicochemical properties, safety, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles.

中文翻译：

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抗镰状剂 5-羟甲基-2-糠醛：其他潜在的药理学应用


在过去的二十年里，芳香醛 5-羟甲基糠醛 (5-HMF) 因其药理潜力而成为多项研究的主题。 2004 年，Safo 小组报告称，5-HMF 通过靶向和改善缺氧引起的红细胞（红细胞 [RBC]）镰状化的主要病理生理学而具有有效的抗镰状化活性。继 5-HMF 治疗镰状细胞病 (SCD) 的临床前和 I/II 期临床研究取得令人鼓舞的结果后，多项研究表明 5-HMF 还具有多种其他生物或药理活性，包括抗过敏、抗氧化、抗缺氧、抗缺血、改善认知、抗酪氨酸酶、抗增殖、细胞保护和抗炎活性。其广泛的作用使 5-HMF 成为治疗多种疾病的潜在候选者，包括认知障碍、痛风、过敏性疾病、贫血、缺氧、癌症、缺血、失血性休克、肝纤维化和氧化损伤。其中一些治疗主张目前正在调查中，虽然很有希望，但其证据强度各不相同。本综述介绍了有关 5-HMF 治疗潜力的研究，以及其来源、理化特性、安全性、吸收、分布、代谢和排泄 (ADME) 概况。