Significant advancements in public health come from scientific discoveries, but more are needed to meet the ever-growing societal needs. Examining the best practices of outstanding scientists may help develop future researchers and lead to more discoveries. This study compared the comprehensive work of 49 Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 2000 to 2019 to a matched control of National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded biomedical investigators. Our unique data set, comprising 11,737 publications, 571 US patents, and 1693 NIH research awards produced by pre-Nobel laureates, was compared to a similar data set of control researchers. Compared to control researchers, pre-Nobel laureates produce significantly more publications annually (median = 5.66; interquartile range [IQR] = 5.16); significantly fewer coauthors per publication (median = 3.32; IQR = 1.95); consistently higher Journal Impact Factor publications (median = 12.04; IQR = 6.83); and substantially more patents per researcher (median = 5; IQR = 14). Such differences arose from nearly identical cumulative NIH award budgets of pre-Nobel laureates (median $25.3 M) and control researchers. Nobel laureates are neither hyper-prolific (>72 papers per year) nor hyper-funded (>$100 M cumulative). An academic age–specific trajectory graph allows aspiring researchers to compare their productivity and collaboration patterns to those of pre-Nobel laureates.

中文翻译：

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导致诺贝尔奖获奖发现的生物医学研究轨迹


公共卫生领域的重大进步来自科学发现，但还需要更多科学发现来满足不断增长的社会需求。检查杰出科学家的最佳实践可能有助于培养未来的研究人员并带来更多发现。这项研究将 2000 年至 2019 年 49 名诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者的综合工作与美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 资助的生物医学研究人员的对照对照进行了比较。我们独特的数据集包含 11,737 篇出版物、571 项美国专利和 1693 项由诺贝尔奖获得者颁发的 NIH 研究奖项，并与对照研究人员的类似数据集进行了比较。与对照研究人员相比，诺贝尔奖获得者每年发表的出版物明显更多（中位数 = 5.66；四分位距 [IQR] = 5.16）；每份出版物的共同作者明显减少（中位数 = 3.32；IQR = 1.95）；期刊影响因子出版物持续较高（中位数 = 12.04；IQR = 6.83）；每个研究人员拥有更多的专利（中位数 = 5；IQR = 14）。这种差异是由于诺贝尔奖获得者和对照研究人员的累积 NIH 奖励预算几乎相同（中位数为 2530 万美元）造成的。诺贝尔奖获得者既不是多产（每年超过 72 篇论文），也不是资金充足（累计超过 1 亿美元）。特定年龄的学术轨迹图可以让有抱负的研究人员将他们的生产力和协作模式与诺贝尔奖获得者进行比较。