Biomass-derived carbonaceous materials (BCMs) have been extensively applied in diverse areas, attributed to their recognized sustainability, low cost, diverse and scalable synthesis routes, and tunable structure and function. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a class of novel and green solvents, have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional solvents and processing techniques for the preparation and functionalization of BCMs for various applications. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the applications of DESs in the preparation and functionalization of BCMs. Considering these, this review summarizes the emerging applications of DESs in the preparation and functionalization of BCMs, including their use as biomass pretreatment solvents, carbon precursors, soft templates, solvothermal carbonization (STC) media, and post-modification agents. This review also discusses the applications of the resultant BCMs in various fields, such as pollution control, energy storage, and biocatalysis, and highlights the challenges and prospects for using DESs in the preparation and functionalization of BCMs. Overall, the use of designer DESs in the preparation and functionalization of BCMs has the potential to contribute to the development of sustainable and cost-effective technologies for a wide range of applications.

中文翻译：

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低共熔溶剂在生物质碳质材料制备和功能化中的新兴应用：挑战与前景


生物质衍生的碳质材料（BCM）因其公认的可持续性、低成本、多样化和可扩展的合成路线以及可调节的结构和功能，已广泛应用于各个领域。最近，低共熔溶剂（DES）作为一类新型绿色溶剂，已成为传统溶剂和加工技术的有前途的替代品，用于制备和功能化各种应用的 BCM。然而，关于 DES 在 BCM 的制备和功能化中的应用仍然存在知识差距。考虑到这些，本综述总结了 DES 在 BCM 的制备和功能化中的新兴应用，包括它们作为生物质预处理溶剂、碳前体、软模板、溶剂热碳化 (STC) 介质和后改性剂。本综述还讨论了由此产生的 BCM 在污染控制、能源存储和生物催化等各个领域的应用，并强调了使用 DES 在 BCM 的制备和功能化中面临的挑战和前景。总体而言，在 BCM 的制备和功能化中使用设计 DES 有可能有助于开发适用于广泛应用的可持续且具有成本效益的技术。