Currently, with the development of modern agriculture, the demand for environmentally friendly metal nanoparticles (MNPs) is increasing. However, the application of industrially synthesized MNPs in agricultural environments and production may have certain negative impacts. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, can synthesize low-toxicity, size- and shape-controllable, environmentally friendly MNPs through their physiological metabolic processes. This paper first comprehensively reviews the methods, mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of microbial synthesis of MNPs. It then focuses on the current application status of microbially synthesized MNPs in planting, breeding, and environmental protection. Finally, it summarizes the challenges faced by microbial synthesis of MNPs and proposes the exploration of new microbial species resources through high-throughput screening techniques and gene editing, the analysis of synthesis mechanisms using multidisciplinary methods such as omics and molecular biology, and the optimization of synthesis preparation processes using mathematical modeling and machine learning, as well as strengthening the study of their ecotoxicological effects in various ecological environmental media. In summary, this paper provides valuable references for improving the preparation process of microbially synthesized MNPs and exploring their application potential in the fields of agriculture, medicine, and environmental remediation.

中文翻译：

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农业领域微生物合成金属纳米粒子的机理及应用


目前，随着现代农业的发展，对环境友好的金属纳米粒子（MNPs）的需求不断增加。然而，工业合成MNPs在农业环境和生产中的应用可能会产生一定的负面影响。细菌和真菌等微生物可以通过其生理代谢过程合成低毒、尺寸和形状可控、环境友好的MNP。本文首先全面综述了微生物合成MNPs的方法、机制以及优缺点。重点介绍了微生物合成MNPs在种植、养殖、环境保护等方面的应用现状。最后，总结了微生物合成MNPs面临的挑战，提出通过高通量筛选技术和基因编辑技术探索新的微生物物种资源，利用组学、分子生物学等多学科方法分析合成机制，优化合成MNPs。利用数学建模和机器学习的合成制备过程，以及加强其在各种生态环境介质中的生态毒理学效应的研究。综上所述，本文为改进微生物合成MNPs的制备工艺，探索其在农业、医药、环境修复等领域的应用潜力提供了有价值的参考。