Dysbiosis – defined by an imbalance in the gut microbiome – is an important feature of many chronic diseases and involves the outgrowth of pathobionts such as Klebsiella pneumoniae in the gut. Given that diet can alter microbiota composition, identifying the dietary components that contribute to dysbiosis is critical. A study in JCI showing that dietary carbohydrates are critical for K. pneumoniae colonization in mouse models provides important insights for the development of targeted dietary interventions in high-risk patients. The researchers notably showed that mice provided with lactulose, a nonabsorbed simple carbohydrate, in the drinking water showed a 10-fold increased K. pneumoniae colonization compared with water control. By contrast, mice provided with complex dietary diet carbohydrates showed low levels of K. pneumoniae colonization after antibiotic depletion. Further experiments showed that complex carbohydrates also reduced bacterial dissemination after intestinal barrier disruption in mice treated with dextran sodium sulfate, providing a possible treatment to reduce dissemination of K. pneumoniae in patients.

Original reference: Hecht, A.L. et al. J. Clin. Invest. 134, e174726 (2024)

生态失调——由肠道微生物组失衡定义——是许多慢性疾病的一个重要特征，涉及肠道内肺炎克雷伯菌等病原体的生长。鉴于饮食可以改变微生物群的组成，识别导致菌群失调的饮食成分至关重要。 JCI的一项研究表明，膳食碳水化合物对于小鼠模型中肺炎克雷伯菌的定植至关重要，这为高危患者制定有针对性的饮食干预措施提供了重要见解。研究人员特别表明，与水对照相比，在饮用水中提供乳果糖（一种不被吸收的简单碳水化合物）的小鼠的肺炎克雷伯菌定殖增加了 10 倍。相比之下，提供复杂饮食碳水化合物的小鼠在抗生素耗尽后表现出低水平的肺炎克雷伯菌定植。进一步的实验表明，复合碳水化合物还可以减少用葡聚糖硫酸钠治疗的小鼠肠道屏障破坏后的细菌传播，这为减少患者中肺炎克雷伯菌的传播提供了可能的治疗方法。

原始参考文献： Hecht, AL 等人。 J.克林。投资。 134 、e174726 (2024)