This review aims at providing an extensive discussion of modern constraints relevant for dense and hot strongly interacting matter. It includes theoretical first-principle results from lattice and perturbative QCD, as well as chiral effective field theory results. From the experimental side, it includes heavy-ion collision and low-energy nuclear physics results, as well as observations from neutron stars and their mergers. The validity of different constraints, concerning specific conditions and ranges of applicability, is also provided.

中文翻译：

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致密热物质状态方程的理论和实验约束

本综述旨在对与致密和热强相互作用物质相关的现代约束进行广泛的讨论。它包括晶格和微扰 QCD 的理论第一原理结果，以及手性有效场理论结果。从实验方面来说，包括重离子碰撞和低能核物理结果，以及中子星及其并合的观测。还提供了涉及具体条件和适用范围的不同约束的有效性。