Solar energy utilization is a promising renewable technology for achieving efficient energy conversion. Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have triggered wide interest in solar energy exploitation due to their multiple merits such as exceptional structural tunability and controllable optoelectronic properties. Quinoxaline-based acceptors have recently been applied in both photovoltaic and photocatalytic fields. In contrast to benzotriazole and benzothiadiazole units, the quinoxaline moiety enables powerful core-functionalization in NFAs, offering high structural modification possibilities. Additionally, it facilitates the construction of highly efficient NFAs with distinctive molecular packing modes and low reorganization energy. In this perspective, we systematically summarize the recent progress in the quinoxaline-based NFAs, including side-chain substitution, conjugation expansion, and construction of oligomeric and polymer acceptors. The altered cores of NFAs present superior modulation capabilities in terms of photoelectric properties, molecular packing, and blend morphology, resulting in reduced energy loss, enhanced V_OC, and improved efficiency in organic solar cells. These features provide novel opportunities for the advancement of solar energy utilization. Finally, the future directions are proposed from the perspectives of molecular design, material systems, cost reduction, stability, and practical applications. There is still significant development potential for advanced properties and applications enabled by quinoxaline-based acceptors. We anticipate that this perspective will pave the way and stimulate efforts to develop new quinoxaline-based acceptor materials for future applications.

中文翻译：

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基于喹喔啉的非富勒烯受体具有强大的核心功能化能力，可实现高效太阳能利用


太阳能利用是一种有前途的可实现高效能源转换的可再生技术。非富勒烯受体（NFA）由于其优异的结构可调性和可控光电特性等多种优点，引起了人们对太阳能开发的广泛兴趣。喹喔啉基受体最近已应用于光伏和光催化领域。与苯并三唑和苯并噻二唑单元相比，喹喔啉部分能够在 NFA 中实现强大的核心功能化，提供高度的结构修饰可能性。此外，它还有助于构建具有独特分子堆积模式和低重组能的高效 NFA。从这个角度来看，我们系统地总结了基于喹喔啉的NFA的最新进展，包括侧链取代、共轭扩展以及寡聚和聚合物受体的构建。改变后的 NFA 核在光电特性、分子堆积和共混形态方面表现出卓越的调制能力，从而减少能量损失，提高 V _OC 并提高有机太阳能电池的效率。这些特征为太阳能利用的进步提供了新的机遇。最后，从分子设计、材料系统、降低成本、稳定性和实际应用等角度提出了未来的方向。基于喹喔啉的受体所实现的先进特性和应用仍然具有巨大的发展潜力。我们预计这一观点将为未来应用开发新的基于喹喔啉的受体材料铺平道路并刺激努力。